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Article

Influence of Long-Term Anti-Seizure Medications on Redox Parameters in Human Blood

by
Danijel Jakovljević
1,2,
Milan Nikolić
1,
Vesna Jovanović
1,
Teodora Vidonja Uzelac
2,
Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
2,*,
Emilija Novaković
3,4,
Čedo Miljević
5,
Maja Milovanović
6 and
Duško Blagojević
2
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
3
Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr. Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
4
Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
5
Outpatient Department, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
6
Department for Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Mental Health, Faculty for Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(1), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010130
Submission received: 17 December 2023 / Revised: 9 January 2024 / Accepted: 12 January 2024 / Published: 18 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)
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Abstract

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease affecting millions of people worldwide, but little is known about the impact of anti-seizure medications on redox homeostasis. Methods: This study aimed to compare the effects of the long-term use of oral anti-seizure medications in monotherapy (lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and valproate) on antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, haemoglobin, and methaemoglobin content in erythrocytes, and concentrations of total proteins and thiols, nitrites, lipid peroxides and total glutathione in the plasma of epilepsy patients and drug-naïve patients. Results: The results showed that lamotrigine therapy led to lower superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.005) and lower concentrations of total thiols (p < 0.01) and lipid peroxides (p < 0.01) compared to controls. On the other hand, therapy with carbamazepine increased nitrite levels (p < 0.01) but reduced superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.005). In the valproate group, only a decrease in catalase activity was observed (p < 0.005). Canonical discriminant analysis showed that the composition of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes was different for both the lamotrigine and carbamazepine groups, while the controls were separated from all others. Conclusions: Monotherapy with anti-seizure medications discretely alters redox homeostasis, followed by distinct relationships between antioxidant components.
Keywords: anti-seizure medications; redox homeostasis; antioxidant enzymes; erythrocytes; plasma anti-seizure medications; redox homeostasis; antioxidant enzymes; erythrocytes; plasma

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jakovljević, D.; Nikolić, M.; Jovanović, V.; Vidonja Uzelac, T.; Nikolić-Kokić, A.; Novaković, E.; Miljević, Č.; Milovanović, M.; Blagojević, D. Influence of Long-Term Anti-Seizure Medications on Redox Parameters in Human Blood. Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010130

AMA Style

Jakovljević D, Nikolić M, Jovanović V, Vidonja Uzelac T, Nikolić-Kokić A, Novaković E, Miljević Č, Milovanović M, Blagojević D. Influence of Long-Term Anti-Seizure Medications on Redox Parameters in Human Blood. Pharmaceuticals. 2024; 17(1):130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010130

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jakovljević, Danijel, Milan Nikolić, Vesna Jovanović, Teodora Vidonja Uzelac, Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić, Emilija Novaković, Čedo Miljević, Maja Milovanović, and Duško Blagojević. 2024. "Influence of Long-Term Anti-Seizure Medications on Redox Parameters in Human Blood" Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 1: 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010130

APA Style

Jakovljević, D., Nikolić, M., Jovanović, V., Vidonja Uzelac, T., Nikolić-Kokić, A., Novaković, E., Miljević, Č., Milovanović, M., & Blagojević, D. (2024). Influence of Long-Term Anti-Seizure Medications on Redox Parameters in Human Blood. Pharmaceuticals, 17(1), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010130

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