Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark Extract Loaded into PLGA Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay of H. acida Using R. ranninus
2.2. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Activity of Crude H. Acida Using S. cerevisiae
2.3. Phytochemical Study of H. acida
2.4. H. acida-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Production and Characterization
2.5. Cytotoxic Effect of H. acida and PLGA Nanoparticles on Human Cancer Cell Lines
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials and Cell Lines
Cell Culture Maintenance
3.2. Botanical Authentication and Extraction
3.3. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay Using R. ranninus (Tadpoles)
3.4. Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lupeol
3.5. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
3.6. Production of H. acida Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles
3.7. H. acida Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Characterization
3.8. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Spectroscopy
3.9. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay against Human Cancer Cell Lines
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concentration (µg/mL) | % Growth Inhibition | ||
---|---|---|---|
DMSO a | Nystatin b | H. acida Crude | |
7.81 | 12.67 ± 1.21 | 97.25 ± 1.02 * | 90.30 ± 0.99 * |
15.6 | 16.80 ± 1.08 | 98.21 ± 0.98 * | 71.70 ± 1.12 |
31.2 | 17.60 ± 0.01 | 98.78 ± 2.17 * | 95.70 ± 1.10 * |
62.5 | 30.73 ± 1.12 | 99.35 ± 2.92 * | 95.40 ± 2.08 * |
125 | 31.20 ± 1.03 | 99.59 ± 1.87 * | 96.56 ± 1.98 * |
250 | 33.84 ± 1.03 | 99.71 ± 1.34 * | 96.98 ± 2.11 * |
500 | 33.91 ± 1.10 | 100.00 ± 0.00 * | 100.00 ± 0.00 * |
Parameter | Unloaded Np | HA-Np |
---|---|---|
Particle size (nm) | 210 ± 3 | 193 ± 2 |
Polydispersity índex (PdI) | 0.100 ± 0.010 | 0.231 ± 0.050 |
%AE | Not Applicable | 61.71 ± 2.17% |
Homogeneity | Homogenous | Homogenous |
Colour | Whitish | Milky |
Diffusion constant (D) (cm2/sec) | 2.34 × 108 ± 0.07 | 2.55 × 108 ± 0.09 |
Refractive Index | 1.33 ± 0.01 | 1.33 ± 0.11 |
Viscosity (cP) | 0.890 ± 0.110 | 0.888 ± 0.170 |
Cancer Cell Lines (IC50 (µg/mL)) | |||
---|---|---|---|
H460 | MCF-7 | HCT116 | |
H. acida crude | 20.80 ± 6.10 | 38.70 ± 0.80 | 42.90 ± 0.20 |
HA-Np | >50 | >50 | >50 |
Doxorubicin | 0.29 ± 2.32 | 0.08 ± 4.10 | 0.05 ± 3.24 |
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Adedokun, O.; Ntungwe, E.N.; Viegas, C.; Adesina Ayinde, B.; Barboni, L.; Maggi, F.; Saraiva, L.; Rijo, P.; Fonte, P. Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark Extract Loaded into PLGA Nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15, 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050535
Adedokun O, Ntungwe EN, Viegas C, Adesina Ayinde B, Barboni L, Maggi F, Saraiva L, Rijo P, Fonte P. Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark Extract Loaded into PLGA Nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals. 2022; 15(5):535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050535
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdedokun, Oluwasegun, Epole N. Ntungwe, Cláudia Viegas, Bunyamin Adesina Ayinde, Luciano Barboni, Filippo Maggi, Lucilia Saraiva, Patrícia Rijo, and Pedro Fonte. 2022. "Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark Extract Loaded into PLGA Nanoparticles" Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5: 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050535