Actinomycin D Arrests Cell Cycle of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines and Induces p53-Dependent Cell Death: A Study of the Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Protective Effect of IRS-4
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Study of the Effect of ActD on the Biochemical and Cellular Parameters of the HepG2 Cell Line
2.2. Effect of ActD on the MAP Kinases and AKT Cascades in HepG2 Cells
2.3. Modulation of IRS-4 Expression by ActD in the HepG2 Cell Line
2.4. Study of the Protective Role of IRS-4 against ActD in HepG2 Cells
2.5. Study of the Mechanisms Involved in the Protective Role of IRS-4 against ActD in HepG2 Cells
2.6. Study of the Effect of IRS-4 Downregulation and ActD Treatment on Gene Expression in HepG2 Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture and Incubation Conditions
4.2. Transfection Assays
4.3. Immunocytochemistry
4.4. Biochemical and Molecular Biology Methods
4.5. Cytometry: Mitochondrial Activity, Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Guijarro, L.G.; Sanmartin-Salinas, P.; Pérez-Cuevas, E.; Toledo-Lobo, M.V.; Monserrat, J.; Zoullas, S.; Sáez, M.A.; Álvarez-Mon, M.A.; Bujan, J.; Noguerales-Fraguas, F.; et al. Actinomycin D Arrests Cell Cycle of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines and Induces p53-Dependent Cell Death: A Study of the Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Protective Effect of IRS-4. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14090845
Guijarro LG, Sanmartin-Salinas P, Pérez-Cuevas E, Toledo-Lobo MV, Monserrat J, Zoullas S, Sáez MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, Bujan J, Noguerales-Fraguas F, et al. Actinomycin D Arrests Cell Cycle of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines and Induces p53-Dependent Cell Death: A Study of the Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Protective Effect of IRS-4. Pharmaceuticals. 2021; 14(9):845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14090845
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuijarro, Luis G., Patricia Sanmartin-Salinas, Eva Pérez-Cuevas, M. Val Toledo-Lobo, Jorge Monserrat, Sofia Zoullas, Miguel A. Sáez, Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon, Julia Bujan, Fernando Noguerales-Fraguas, and et al. 2021. "Actinomycin D Arrests Cell Cycle of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines and Induces p53-Dependent Cell Death: A Study of the Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Protective Effect of IRS-4" Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 9: 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14090845