Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Study of the Boron-Containing Prodrug of Belinostat (ZL277), a Pan HDAC Inhibitor with Enhanced Bioavailability
by
Changde Zhang †
, Shanchun Guo †, Qiu Zhong, Qiang Zhang, Ahamed Hossain, Shilong Zheng * and Guangdi Wang *
Changde Zhang †, Shanchun Guo †, Qiu Zhong, Qiang Zhang, Ahamed Hossain, Shilong Zheng * and Guangdi Wang *
RCMI Cancer Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to the work.
Pharmaceuticals 2019, 12(4), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph12040180
Received: 20 November 2019 / Revised: 6 December 2019 / Accepted: 6 December 2019 / Published: 8 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Story of Successful Drugs and Recent FDA-Approved Molecules)
ZL277 is a prodrug of belinostat with enhanced bioavailability and efficacy as a pan histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of ZL277 in liver S9 fractions, liver microsomes, liver cytosol, and in mice. Metabolic products were identified and quantified by a combination of liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The in vitro metabolic profile of ZL277 includes ZL277-B(OH)2-452, the major oxidative metabolite ZL277-OH-424, the active ingredient belinostat, belinostat amide, belinostat acid, and methylated belinostat in liver S9 fractions. Both ZL277-OH-424 and belinostat underwent further glucuronidation in liver microsome, whereas only ZL277-OH-424, but not belinostat, underwent some level of sulfation in rat liver cytosols. These metabolites were examined in plasma and in a breast tumor model in vivo. They were also examined in urine and feces from mice treated with ZL277. The pharmacokinetic study of ZL277 showed the parameters of active drug belinostat with a half-life (t1/2) of 10.7 h, an area under curve value (AUC) of 1506.9 ng/mL*h, and a maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 172 ng/mL, reached 3 h after a single dose of 10 mg/kg. The hydrolysis product of the prodrug, ZL277-B(OH)2-452 showed an AUC of 8306 ng/mL*h and Cmax of 931 ng/mL 3 h after drug administration.
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Keywords:
tumor; ZL277 metabolism; belinostat; HDAC inhibitor; pharmacokinetics
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zhang, C.; Guo, S.; Zhong, Q.; Zhang, Q.; Hossain, A.; Zheng, S.; Wang, G. Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Study of the Boron-Containing Prodrug of Belinostat (ZL277), a Pan HDAC Inhibitor with Enhanced Bioavailability. Pharmaceuticals 2019, 12, 180.
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