Iron Regulation: Macrophages in Control
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Cellular Uptake and Metabolism of Iron in Macrophages
3. Systemic Iron Metabolism
4. Systemic Iron Regulation by Hepcidin
5. Cellular Regulation of Iron by IRE/IRPs
6. Transcriptional Regulation by Spi-C and HIF
7. Steady-State Erythrophagocytosis by Macrophages in the Spleen
8. Stress-Induced Erythrophagocytosis and Iron Metabolism
9. Bone Marrow Macrophages and Erythroblastic Islands
10. Regulation of Iron Transfer by Central Nurse Macrophages
11. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACO2 | aconitase 2 |
ALAS1 | delta-aminolevulinate synthase 1 |
BACH1 | BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 |
BM | bone marrow |
BMP | Bone morphogenetic protein |
Cp | ceruloplasmin |
DCT1 | divalent cation transporter 1 |
DcytB | duodenal cytochrome B |
DMT1 | divalent metal transporter 1 |
E3 | E3 ubiquitin ligase |
Epo | erythroid factor erythropoietin |
FLVCR1 | Feline leukemia virus group C cellular receptor 1 |
FPN1 | ferroportin 1 |
FtMt | Mitochondrial ferritin |
FtH | heavy chain H-ferritin |
FtL | light chain L-ferritin |
GDF15 | growth differentiation factor 15 |
GM-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
Hamp | hepcidin antimicrobial peptide |
HEPH | hephaestin |
HCP1 | heme-carrier protein 1 |
HFE | homeostatic iron regulator |
Hgb | hemoglobin |
HIF1α/HIF2α | hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/2α |
HJV | hemojuvelin |
HMOX1 | heme oxygenase 1 |
Hp | haptoglobin |
Hpx | hemopexin |
HRE | hypoxia-responsive element |
HRG1 | heme responsive gene 1 protein |
ILGF1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 |
IFNγ | interferon gamma |
IRE | iron-regulatory element |
IRP1/IRP2 | iron-regulatory protein1/2 |
ISC | iron-sulfur cluster |
KC | Kupffer cell |
LIP | Labile iron pool |
Mfrn1/2 | Mitoferrin 1/2 |
MerTK | MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase |
NTBI | non-transferrin-bound iron |
NRAMP1 | natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 |
PHDs | oxygen prolyl hydroxylases |
PS | phosphatidylserine |
PV | polycythemia vera |
RBC | red blood cell |
RPM | red pulp macrophages |
SIRPα | signal-regulatory protein alpha |
Spi-C | Spi-1/PU.1 related transcription factor |
SR-AI | scavenger receptor type A member I |
STAT3 | activator of transcription 3 |
STEAP3 | six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3 |
Tf | transferrin |
TfR1/2 | transferrin receptor 1/2 |
TNFα | tumor necrosis factor alpha |
TGF-β | transforming growth factor beta |
TWSG1 | twisted gastrulation BMP signaling modulator 1 |
VCAM1 | vascular cell adhesion protein 1 |
UTR | untranslated region |
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Sukhbaatar, N.; Weichhart, T. Iron Regulation: Macrophages in Control. Pharmaceuticals 2018, 11, 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph11040137
Sukhbaatar N, Weichhart T. Iron Regulation: Macrophages in Control. Pharmaceuticals. 2018; 11(4):137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph11040137
Chicago/Turabian StyleSukhbaatar, Nyamdelger, and Thomas Weichhart. 2018. "Iron Regulation: Macrophages in Control" Pharmaceuticals 11, no. 4: 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph11040137