An Energy-Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related work
3. Network Model and Problem Statement
3.1. Network Model
- This network is a static densely deployed network. It means a large number of sensor nodes are densely deployed in a two-dimensional geographic space, forming a network and these nodes do not move any more after deployment.
- There exists only one base station, which is deployed at a fixed place outside A.
- The energy of sensor nodes cannot be recharged.
- Sensor nodes are location-unaware, i.e. a sensor node cannot get its location information through other mechanism such as GPS or position algorithms.
3.2. Problem Statement
4. Energy-Aware Routing Protocol
4.1. Clustering Algorithm
4.2. Active Member Nodes Selection
4.3. Construction of Routing Tree
5. Performance Evaluation
5.1. Simulation Parameters
5.2. Simulation results
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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State or Message | Description a |
---|---|
Candidate | The node is a candidate node |
Head | The node is selected as cluster head |
Plain | The node is a member node |
Compete_Msg | Composed by the ID of sender |
Join_Msg | Composed by the ID of sender and the ID of head |
Weight_Msg | Composed by the ID of sender, weight, Ea, Eresidual |
Schedule_Msg | Head assign slot time for its member nodes |
ID | State | Residual Energy (J)a |
---|---|---|
3 | Candidate | 1.32J |
7 | Candidate | 0.16J |
6 | Candidate | 0.09J |
5 | Candidate | 0.32J |
Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Network Filed | (0,0)∼(100,100) |
Node numbers | 100∼500 |
Cluster radius r | 30 m |
Sensing radius rs | 10 m |
Sink position | (50,200) |
Initial energy | 2 J |
Data packet size | 525 Bytes |
Broadcast packet size | 25 Bytes |
Ethreshold | 0.01 J |
Eelec | 50 nJ/bit |
efs | 10 nJ/bit/m2 |
eamp | 0.0013 pJ/bit/m4 |
EDA | 5 nJ/bit/signal |
Threshold distance d0 | 75 m |
Data Cycles per round(L) | 5 |
© 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Liu, M.; Cao, J.; Chen, G.; Wang, X. An Energy-Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors 2009, 9, 445-462. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100445
Liu M, Cao J, Chen G, Wang X. An Energy-Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors. 2009; 9(1):445-462. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100445
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Ming, Jiannong Cao, Guihai Chen, and Xiaomin Wang. 2009. "An Energy-Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks" Sensors 9, no. 1: 445-462. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100445
APA StyleLiu, M., Cao, J., Chen, G., & Wang, X. (2009). An Energy-Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 9(1), 445-462. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100445