Next Article in Journal
An Algorithm for Mining the Living Habits of Elderly People Living Alone Based on AIoT
Next Article in Special Issue
Efficient Multi-Threaded Data Starting Point Matching Method for Space Target Cataloging
Previous Article in Journal
A Comparative Study and Optimization of Camera-Based BEV Segmentation for Real-Time Autonomous Driving
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Sensors
Volume 25
Issue 7
10.3390/s25072302
sensors-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Space Surveillance with High-Frequency Radar

by
Brendan Hennessy
*,
Heath Yardley
,
Rob Debnam
,
Tristan A. Camilleri
,
Nicholas K. Spencer
,
David A. Holdsworth
,
Goeff Warne
,
Brian Cheung
and
Sergey Kharabash
Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(7), 2302; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072302
Submission received: 10 March 2025 / Revised: 29 March 2025 / Accepted: 3 April 2025 / Published: 4 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Space Situational Awareness and Object Tracking)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

High-Frequency (HF) radar is well suited to the surveillance of low-earth-orbit space. For large targets, a small deployable HF radar is able to match the detection performance of much larger space surveillance radar systems operating at higher frequencies. However, there are some unique challenges associated with the use of HF, including the range–Doppler coupling bias, coarse detection-level localisation, and the presence of meteor returns and other unwanted signals. This paper details the use of HF radar for space surveillance, including signal processing and radar product formation, tracking, ionospheric correction, and orbit determination. It is shown that by fusing measurements from multiple passes, accurate orbital estimates can be obtained. Included are results from recent SpaceFest trials of the Defence Science and Technology Group’s HF space surveillance radar, achieving real-time wide-area surveillance in tracking, orbit determination, and cueing of other space surveillance sensors.
Keywords: HF radar; bistatic radar; radar signal processing; space surveillance; orbit determination; space domain awareness HF radar; bistatic radar; radar signal processing; space surveillance; orbit determination; space domain awareness

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hennessy, B.; Yardley, H.; Debnam, R.; Camilleri, T.A.; Spencer, N.K.; Holdsworth, D.A.; Warne, G.; Cheung, B.; Kharabash, S. Space Surveillance with High-Frequency Radar. Sensors 2025, 25, 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072302

AMA Style

Hennessy B, Yardley H, Debnam R, Camilleri TA, Spencer NK, Holdsworth DA, Warne G, Cheung B, Kharabash S. Space Surveillance with High-Frequency Radar. Sensors. 2025; 25(7):2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072302

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hennessy, Brendan, Heath Yardley, Rob Debnam, Tristan A. Camilleri, Nicholas K. Spencer, David A. Holdsworth, Goeff Warne, Brian Cheung, and Sergey Kharabash. 2025. "Space Surveillance with High-Frequency Radar" Sensors 25, no. 7: 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072302

APA Style

Hennessy, B., Yardley, H., Debnam, R., Camilleri, T. A., Spencer, N. K., Holdsworth, D. A., Warne, G., Cheung, B., & Kharabash, S. (2025). Space Surveillance with High-Frequency Radar. Sensors, 25(7), 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072302

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop