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Systematic Review

Sensor Arrays: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

by
Sergio Domínguez-Gimeno
1,*,
Raúl Igual-Catalán
2 and
Inmaculada Plaza-García
1
1
Electronics Engineering and Communications Department, EUP Teruel, Universidad de Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain
2
Electric Engineering Department, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de Teruel, Universidad de Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(16), 5089; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165089
Submission received: 29 May 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 4 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Electronic Sensors)

Abstract

Sensor arrays are arrangements of sensors that follow a certain pattern, usually in a row–column distribution. This study presents a systematic review on sensor arrays. For this purpose, several systematic searches of recent studies covering a period of 10 years were performed. As a result of these searches, 361 papers have been analyzed in detail. The most relevant aspects for sensor array design have been studied. In relation to sensing technologies, different categories were identified: resistive/piezoresistive, capacitive, inductive, diode-based, transistor-based, triboelectric, fiber optic, Hall effect-based, piezoelectric, and bioimpedance-based. Other aspects of sensor array design have also been analyzed: applications, validation experiments, software used for sensor array data analysis, sensor array characteristics, and performance metrics. For each aspect, the studies were classified into different subcategories. As a result of this analysis, different emerging technologies and future research challenges in sensor arrays were identified.
Keywords: sensor arrays; review; sensor array technologies; sensor array applications; sensor array validation; sensor array software; sensor array performance metrics sensor arrays; review; sensor array technologies; sensor array applications; sensor array validation; sensor array software; sensor array performance metrics
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Domínguez-Gimeno, S.; Igual-Catalán, R.; Plaza-García, I. Sensor Arrays: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Sensors 2025, 25, 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165089

AMA Style

Domínguez-Gimeno S, Igual-Catalán R, Plaza-García I. Sensor Arrays: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Sensors. 2025; 25(16):5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165089

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domínguez-Gimeno, Sergio, Raúl Igual-Catalán, and Inmaculada Plaza-García. 2025. "Sensor Arrays: A Comprehensive Systematic Review" Sensors 25, no. 16: 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165089

APA Style

Domínguez-Gimeno, S., Igual-Catalán, R., & Plaza-García, I. (2025). Sensor Arrays: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Sensors, 25(16), 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165089

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