IoT and Blockchain for Support for Smart Contracts Through TpM

Yamaguti, Renan; Ferreira, Luiz Carlos B. C.; Lui Motta, Lucas; Montali Assumpção, Raphael; Branquinho, Omar C.; Iervolino, Gustavo; Cardieri, Paulo

doi:10.3390/s25165001

Open AccessArticle

IoT and Blockchain for Support for Smart Contracts Through TpM

by

Renan Yamaguti

^1,*

,

Luiz Carlos B. C. Ferreira

²

,

Lucas Lui Motta

¹

,

Raphael Montali Assumpção

¹

,

Omar C. Branquinho

¹,

Gustavo Iervolino

³ and

Paulo Cardieri

¹

Department of Communications, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (FEEC), Campinas 13083-852, SP, Brazil

²

Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Southern Minas Gerais, Poços de Caldas Campus, Poços de Caldas 37713-100, MG, Brazil

³

Department of Hardware Design, Instituto de Pesquisa Eldorado, Campinas 13083-898, SP, Brazil

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sensors 2025, 25(16), 5001; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165001

Submission received: 28 January 2025 / Revised: 8 March 2025 / Accepted: 4 April 2025 / Published: 13 August 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)

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Abstract

This paper investigates the integration of Internet of things (IoT) technology with blockchain to enhance transparency, accountability, and operational efficiency in smart contract execution for IoT ecosystems. The proposed approach extends the Three-Phase Methodology (TpM) by introducing an innovative entity, the IoT Operator, which acts as a custody caretaker, contract enforcer, and mediator. By leveraging blockchain’s secure and immutable ledger, the IoT Operator ensures the reliable monitoring and governance of IoT applications. A PoC implementation conducted at the Eldorado Research Institute demonstrates the methodology’s effectiveness, realizing a significant reduction of 95.83% in equipment search time. This work highlights the practical advantages of integrating blockchain and IoT within a structured framework, emphasizing the need for tailored, application-specific solutions rather than generic decentralization. The findings offer actionable guidelines for implementing blockchain in IoT systems, paving the way for more secure, efficient, and resilient IoT applications.

Keywords: Internet of things; bslockchain; smart contracts

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yamaguti, R.; Ferreira, L.C.B.C.; Lui Motta, L.; Montali Assumpção, R.; Branquinho, O.C.; Iervolino, G.; Cardieri, P. IoT and Blockchain for Support for Smart Contracts Through TpM. Sensors 2025, 25, 5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165001

AMA Style

Yamaguti R, Ferreira LCBC, Lui Motta L, Montali Assumpção R, Branquinho OC, Iervolino G, Cardieri P. IoT and Blockchain for Support for Smart Contracts Through TpM. Sensors. 2025; 25(16):5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165001

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yamaguti, Renan, Luiz Carlos B. C. Ferreira, Lucas Lui Motta, Raphael Montali Assumpção, Omar C. Branquinho, Gustavo Iervolino, and Paulo Cardieri. 2025. "IoT and Blockchain for Support for Smart Contracts Through TpM" Sensors 25, no. 16: 5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165001

APA Style

Yamaguti, R., Ferreira, L. C. B. C., Lui Motta, L., Montali Assumpção, R., Branquinho, O. C., Iervolino, G., & Cardieri, P. (2025). IoT and Blockchain for Support for Smart Contracts Through TpM. Sensors, 25(16), 5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165001

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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IoT and Blockchain for Support for Smart Contracts Through TpM

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