On the Advantages of Microwave Photonic Interrogation of Fiber-Based Sensors: A Noise Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sensor Evaluation in the Electrical Domain
2.1. Basic Concept
2.2. Experimental Setup
2.3. Derivation of the Characteristic Curves
2.4. Experimental Outcomes
3. Noise Analysis
3.1. Sources of Signal Degradation
3.1.1. Phase Noise of the Signal Generators
3.1.2. Phase Noise of the ADC
3.1.3. Quantization Noise
3.1.4. Johnson–Nyquist Noise
3.1.5. Relative Intensity Noise
3.1.6. Shot Noise
3.1.7. Further Influences
3.2. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ADC | analog to digital converter |
DFB | distributed feedback |
DSB | double-sideband |
EDFA | erbium-doped fiber amplifier |
EVNA | electrical vector network analyzer |
FBG | fiber Bragg grating |
FWHM | full width at half minimum |
LD | laser diode |
LDC | laser diode controller |
LSB | lower sideband |
MWP | microwave photonics |
OSA | optical spectrum analyzer |
PC | personal computer |
PD | photodiode |
RF | radio frequency |
RIN | relative intensity noise |
RMS | root-mean-square |
RoF | radio-over-fiber |
SNR | signal-to-noise ratio |
SSB | single-sideband |
TLS | tuneable laser source |
USB | upper sideband |
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Nordmeyer, U.; Thiel, T.; Kojucharow, K.; Neumann, N. On the Advantages of Microwave Photonic Interrogation of Fiber-Based Sensors: A Noise Analysis. Sensors 2023, 23, 3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073746
Nordmeyer U, Thiel T, Kojucharow K, Neumann N. On the Advantages of Microwave Photonic Interrogation of Fiber-Based Sensors: A Noise Analysis. Sensors. 2023; 23(7):3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073746
Chicago/Turabian StyleNordmeyer, Ulrich, Torsten Thiel, Konstantin Kojucharow, and Niels Neumann. 2023. "On the Advantages of Microwave Photonic Interrogation of Fiber-Based Sensors: A Noise Analysis" Sensors 23, no. 7: 3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073746