Improving Automatic Smartwatch Electrocardiogram Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation by Identifying Regularity within Irregularity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Patient Population
2.2. Data Arrangement
2.3. R Peak Detection
2.4. Irregularity
2.5. Finding Regularity in Irregularity
2.6. Validation
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Irregularity
3.3. Finding Regularity in Irregularity
3.4. Validation
4. Discussion
4.1. Future Approaches
4.2. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Disease/Diagnosis AW | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Cardiac Disease | No disease | 173 (24%) |
Atrial Fibrillation | 154 (21%) | |
Atrial Flutter/Atrial Tachycardia | 33 | |
Ventricular Tachycardia | 3 | |
Junctional Tachycardia | 5 | |
Ventricular Extrasystole | 54 | |
Atrial Extrasystole | 21 | |
First-degree AV-block | 77 | |
Second/third-degree AV-block | 21 | |
Sick Sinus Syndrome/Sinus Bradycardia | 65 | |
Pacemaker | 26 | |
CRT | 13 | |
Right Bundle Branch Block | 54 | |
Left Bundle Branch Block | 47 | |
Intermittent Bundle Branch Block | 13 | |
Left Anterior Hemiblock | 23 | |
Right Heart Axis | 13 | |
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | 26 | |
Brugada Syndrome | 13 | |
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy | 20 | |
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | 10 | |
Long QT Syndrome | 8 | |
Q wave | 20 | |
ST elevation/depression | 54 | |
Negative T | 59 | |
AW diagnosis | Sinus Rhythm | 455 (62%) |
Atrial Fibrillation | 137 (19%) | |
Inconclusive | 142 (19%) |
Disease (n) | Count RR (a) Median | SVD Ratio (b) Median |
---|---|---|
Atrial Fibrillation (29) | 0.059 | 7.45 |
AV block type 1 (12) | 0.229 | 44.30 |
AV block type 2–3 (4) | 0.267 | 48.42 |
No abnormalities (35) | 0.269 | 64.41 |
Premature Atrial Contractions (5) | 0.188 | 7.36 |
Premature Ventricular Contractions (8) | 0.154 | 15.80 |
Sick Sinus Syndrome (12) | 0.253 | 53.51 |
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Velraeds, A.; Strik, M.; van der Zande, J.; Fontagne, L.; Haissaguerre, M.; Ploux, S.; Wang, Y.; Bordachar, P. Improving Automatic Smartwatch Electrocardiogram Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation by Identifying Regularity within Irregularity. Sensors 2023, 23, 9283. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229283
Velraeds A, Strik M, van der Zande J, Fontagne L, Haissaguerre M, Ploux S, Wang Y, Bordachar P. Improving Automatic Smartwatch Electrocardiogram Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation by Identifying Regularity within Irregularity. Sensors. 2023; 23(22):9283. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229283
Chicago/Turabian StyleVelraeds, Anouk, Marc Strik, Joske van der Zande, Leslie Fontagne, Michel Haissaguerre, Sylvain Ploux, Ying Wang, and Pierre Bordachar. 2023. "Improving Automatic Smartwatch Electrocardiogram Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation by Identifying Regularity within Irregularity" Sensors 23, no. 22: 9283. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229283