Forward and Backward Walking: Multifactorial Characterization of Gait Parameters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instrumentation
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Spatial–Temporal Parameters
3.2. Kinematics
3.3. Kinetics
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatial–Temporal Parameters
4.2. Kinematics
4.3. Kinetics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participants | Age [years] | Body Height [m] | Body Mass [kg] | BMI [kg/m2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
12 Females | 26.03 ± 1.96 | 1.66 ± 0.04 | 56.51 ± 9.06 | 20.49 ± 3.27 |
12 Males | 26.23 ± 2.19 | 1.80 ± 0.05 | 73.25 ± 5.96 | 22.54 ± 1.14 |
Sample | 26.13 ± 2.03 | 1.73 ± 0.08 | 64.88 ± 11.37 | 21.52 ± 2.61 |
FW | BW | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | 1st Q | 3rd Q | Median | 1st Q | 3rd Q | ||
Average speed | [m/s] | 1.1 | 1 | 1.2 | 0.8 * | 0.8 | 0.9 |
Normalised Average speed | [% height/s] | 62.45 | 58.89 | 67.81 | 49.14 * | 44.4 | 52.7 |
Stance phase | [% gait cycle] | 61.75 | 60.69 | 62.92 | 60.77 * | 59.52 | 62.76 |
Swing phase | [% gait cycle] | 38.25 | 37.08 | 39.3 | 39.22 * | 37.23 | 40.48 |
Double support phase | [% gait cycle] | 11.76 | 10.62 | 12.82 | 10.86 * | 9.58 | 12.68 |
Stride length | [m] | 1.25 | 1.19 | 1.31 | 1.12 * | 1.06 | 1.19 |
Normalised Stride length | [% height] | 72.43 | 68.94 | 75.43 | 65.35 * | 61.16 | 68.96 |
Step length | [m] | 0.62 | 0.59 | 0.66 | 0.56 * | 0.52 | 0.6 |
Step width | [m] | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.14 * | 0.11 | 0.17 |
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Donno, L.; Monoli, C.; Frigo, C.A.; Galli, M. Forward and Backward Walking: Multifactorial Characterization of Gait Parameters. Sensors 2023, 23, 4671. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104671
Donno L, Monoli C, Frigo CA, Galli M. Forward and Backward Walking: Multifactorial Characterization of Gait Parameters. Sensors. 2023; 23(10):4671. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104671
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonno, Lucia, Cecilia Monoli, Carlo Albino Frigo, and Manuela Galli. 2023. "Forward and Backward Walking: Multifactorial Characterization of Gait Parameters" Sensors 23, no. 10: 4671. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104671
APA StyleDonno, L., Monoli, C., Frigo, C. A., & Galli, M. (2023). Forward and Backward Walking: Multifactorial Characterization of Gait Parameters. Sensors, 23(10), 4671. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104671