Recognizing Significant Components of Electrical Waveforms of Actuators Operated by Vehicle Controllers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Analysis of the State-of-the-Art in Testing Fuel Injectors and Engines
1.2. Basis for Conducting Research and Its Scope
2. Methodology
- Research goalTo develop a program for the automatic calculation of the characteristics of the current signals of injectors.
- Investigated objectFuel injector of the internal combustion engine.
- Scope of research
- (a)
- Defining the basic components of the characteristics of electric current waveforms occurring during the operation of internal combustion engine fuel injectors as well as evaluating the possibility of their use in the analysis of the operation and technical condition. The research will be conducted on the basis of the literature analysis and the results of the authors’ research work presented in other publications.
- (b)
- Adoption of computational assumptions and the analysis of mathematical relationships required to develop the algorithm of the computational program for processing recorded electrical signals and determining the relevant information. On the basis of the analysis to be carried out, the dependencies will be selected, which enable the extraction of the characteristics of current signals, forming the basis for further scientific research.
- (c)
- Development of a computational program for determining and analyzing the required values of the recorded current signals of fuel injectors, along with a method for presenting the results. An assumption was made that the program should allow for clear implementation of the selected mathematical dependencies as well as the rapid calculation of current signals and the visualization of test results in the form of a graph and in a table.
- (d)
- Testing of the developed computational program on the basis of previously recorded current signals of fuel injectors as well as presentation of the sample test results. These tests will be conducted for injectors operating at different engine speeds and with different loads.
- (e)
- Discussion of the research conducted and the results obtained.
3. Characteristic Values of the Electric Current Waveform
4. Assumptions of the Computational Algorithm
5. The Algorithm and the Computational Program
- -
- PWM—Pulse-Width Modulation [s];
- -
- —the delay time of the needle lifting point from the start [s];
- -
- Start/End—Steady-state start and end [s];
- -
- —value of electric current intensity in steady state (maximum) [A];
- -
- —value of electric voltage at the maximum of induction peak [V] and value occurrence phase [s];
- -
- —electric current intensity at the point of needle lifting [A] and value occurrence phase [s].
PWM [s] | Delay in lifting the needle [s] | The time interval for achieving a constant electricity current value and the intensity value Start [s] - End [s] || Average value of the current intensity [A] | Maximum values of voltage peaks [V] for successive samples [V] | Electric current [A] at the point where the fuel flow is opened |
6. Example Calculation Results
- -
- Dark blue dotted line——value of electric current intensity in steady state (maximum) [A];
- -
- Black star——value of electric voltage at the maximum of induction peak [V];
- -
- Pink rhombus——electric current intensity at the point of needle lifting [A].
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PWM [s] | Delay in lifting the needle [s] | The time interval for achieving a constant electricity current value and the intensity value Start [s] - End [s] || Average value of the current intensity [A] | Maximum values of voltage peaks [V] for successive samples [V] | Electric current [A] at the point where the fuel flow is opened | |
0.008 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 0.00802 | 0.00148 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.00154 0.00152 0.0015 0.0015 0.00148 0.0015 0.00148 0.0015 | 0.00258 - 0.008 || 0.79389 0.0526 - 0.058 || 0.79554 0.10266 - 0.108 || 0.79497 0.15266 - 0.158 || 0.79572 0.20264 - 0.208 || 0.79462 0.2526 - 0.258 || 0.79531 0.30258 - 0.308 || 0.79415 0.35262 - 0.358 || 0.79614 0.40264 - 0.408 || 0.79414 0.45258 - 0.458 || 0.79529 0.5026 - 0.508 || 0.7945 0.55262 - 0.558 || 0.79674 0.60262 - 0.608 || 0.79531 | "53.885 for t=0.008" "53.885 for t=0.058" "53.885 for t=0.108" "53.885 for t=0.158" "53.885 for t=0.208" "53.885 for t=0.258" "53.885 for t=0.308" "53.885 for t=0.358" "53.885 for t=0.408" "53.885 for t=0.458" "53.885 for t=0.508" "53.885 for t=0.558" "53.885 for t=0.608" | "0.36435 for t=0.00148" "0.37111 for t=0.05148" "0.36918 for t=0.10148" "0.36532 for t=0.15148" "0.37015 for t=0.20148" "0.37691 for t=0.25152" "0.36532 for t= 0.3015" "0.37401 for t=0.35148" "0.36242 for t=0.40148" "0.36918 for t=0.45146" "0.36822 for t=0.50148" "0.37401 for t=0.55146" "0.36435 for t=0.60148" |
PWM [s] | Delay in lifting the needle [s] | The time interval for achieving a constant electricity current valueand the intensity value Start [s] - End [s] || Average value of the current intensity [A] | Maximum values of voltage peaks [V] for successive samples [V] | Electric current [A] at the point where the fuel flow is opened | |
0.004 0.00402 0.00402 0.00402 0.00402 0.00402 0.00402 | 0.00156 0.00158 0.00154 0.00158 0.00158 0.00158 0.00158 | 0.00256 - 0.004 || 0.80115 0.05258 - 0.054 || 0.80561 0.10252 - 0.104 || 0.80095 0.15258 - 0.154 || 0.80691 0.20264 - 0.204 || 0.80354 0.25258 - 0.254 || 0.80426 0.3025 - 0.304 || 0.80047 | "53.885 for t=0.004" "53.885 for t=0.054" "53.885 for t=0.104" "53.885 for t=0.154" "53.885 for t=0.204" "53.885 for t=0.254" "53.885 for t=0.304" | "0.40301 for t=0.00156" "0.39238 for t=0.05156" "0.39431 for t=0.10152" "0.38754 for t=0.15156" "0.38947 for t=0.20156" "0.39721 for t=0.25156" "0.39817 for t=0.30156" |
PWM [s] | Delay in lifting the needle [s] | The time interval for achieving a constant electricity current value and the intensity value Start [s] - End [s] || Average value of the current intensity [A] | Maximum values of voltage peaks [V] for successive samples [V] | Electric current [A] at the point where the fuel flow is opened | |
0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 | 0.00144 0.00142 0.00142 0.00142 0.00142 0.00142 0.00144 0.00142 0.00142 0.00142 0.00144 0.00142 0.00144 0.00142 0.00144 | 0.00272 - 0.008 || 0.79558 0.05254 - 0.058 || 0.79255 0.10258 - 0.108 || 0.79449 0.1526 - 0.158 || 0.79299 0.20268 - 0.208 || 0.79562 0.25262 - 0.258 || 0.79331 0.30254 - 0.308 || 0.79466 0.35256 - 0.358 || 0.79319 0.40264 - 0.408 || 0.79441 0.45256 - 0.458 || 0.79243 0.5026 - 0.508 || 0.79415 0.55258 - 0.558 || 0.79267 0.60264 - 0.608 || 0.79428 0.65254 - 0.658 || 0.79298 0.7026 - 0.708 || 0.79471 | "44.4667 for t=0.008" "44.3927 for t=0.058" "44.4042 for t=0.108" "44.5291 for t=0.158" "44.5209 for t=0.208" "44.35 for t=0.258" "44.304 for t=0.308" "44.4847 for t=0.358" "44.378 for t=0.408" "44.4207 for t=0.458" "44.5307 for t=0.508" "44.3517 for t=0.558" "44.189 for t=0.608" "44.3878 for t=0.658" "44.3599 for t=0.708" | "0.35372 for t=0.00144" "0.35372 for t=0.05142" "0.34599 for t=0.10142" "0.35179 for t=0.15142" "0.35469 for t=0.20142" "0.34889 for t=0.25142" "0.34986 for t=0.30144" "0.35275 for t=0.35142" "0.34792 for t=0.40142" "0.34405 for t=0.45142" "0.34986 for t=0.50144" "0.35469 for t=0.55142" "0.34792 for t=0.60144" "0.34889 for t=0.65142" "0.35082 for t=0.70144" |
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Więcławski, K.; Antkowiak, M.; Figlus, T. Recognizing Significant Components of Electrical Waveforms of Actuators Operated by Vehicle Controllers. Sensors 2022, 22, 7945. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207945
Więcławski K, Antkowiak M, Figlus T. Recognizing Significant Components of Electrical Waveforms of Actuators Operated by Vehicle Controllers. Sensors. 2022; 22(20):7945. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207945
Chicago/Turabian StyleWięcławski, Krzysztof, Maja Antkowiak, and Tomasz Figlus. 2022. "Recognizing Significant Components of Electrical Waveforms of Actuators Operated by Vehicle Controllers" Sensors 22, no. 20: 7945. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207945
APA StyleWięcławski, K., Antkowiak, M., & Figlus, T. (2022). Recognizing Significant Components of Electrical Waveforms of Actuators Operated by Vehicle Controllers. Sensors, 22(20), 7945. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207945