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Volume 22
Issue 19
10.3390/s22197296
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Article

Smart Steering Sleeve (S3): A Non-Intrusive and Integrative Sensing Platform for Driver Physiological Monitoring

by
Chuwei Ye
1,
Wen Li
2,
Zhaojian Li
1,*,
Gopi Maguluri
3,
John Grimble
3,
Joshua Bonatt
3,
Jacob Miske
3,
Nicusor Iftimia
3,
Shaoting Lin
1 and
Michele Grimm
1
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
3
Physical Sciences Inc., Boston, MA 01810, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2022, 22(19), 7296; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197296
Submission received: 17 August 2022 / Revised: 21 September 2022 / Accepted: 23 September 2022 / Published: 26 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Smart Vehicle Applications)
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Abstract

Driving is a ubiquitous activity that requires both motor skills and cognitive focus. These aspects become more problematic for some seniors, who have underlining medical conditions and tend to lose some of these capabilities. Therefore, driving can be used as a controlled environment for the frequent, non-intrusive monitoring of bio-physical and cognitive status within drivers. Such information can then be utilized for enhanced assistive vehicle controls and/or driver health monitoring. In this paper, we present a novel multi-modal smart steering sleeve (S3) system with an integrated sensing platform that can non-intrusively and continuously measure a driver’s physiological signals, including electrodermal activity (EDA), electromyography (EMG), and hand pressure. The sensor suite was developed by combining low-cost interdigitated electrodes with a piezoresistive force sensor on a single, flexible polymer substrate. Comprehensive characterizations on the sensing modalities were performed with promising results demonstrated. The sweat-sensing unit (SSU) for EDA monitoring works under a 100 Hz alternative current (AC) source. The EMG signal acquired by the EMG-sensing unit (EMGSU) was amplified to within 5 V. The force-sensing unit (FSU) for hand pressure detection has a range of 25 N. This flexible sensor was mounted on an off-the-shelf steering wheel sleeve, making it an add-on system that can be installed on any existing vehicles for convenient and wide-coverage driver monitoring. A cloud-based communication scheme was developed for the ease of data collection and analysis. Sensing platform development, performance, and limitations, as well as other potential applications, are discussed in detail in this paper.
Keywords: non-intrusive driver monitoring; flexible sensor; sensor integration non-intrusive driver monitoring; flexible sensor; sensor integration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ye, C.; Li, W.; Li, Z.; Maguluri, G.; Grimble, J.; Bonatt, J.; Miske, J.; Iftimia, N.; Lin, S.; Grimm, M. Smart Steering Sleeve (S3): A Non-Intrusive and Integrative Sensing Platform for Driver Physiological Monitoring. Sensors 2022, 22, 7296. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197296

AMA Style

Ye C, Li W, Li Z, Maguluri G, Grimble J, Bonatt J, Miske J, Iftimia N, Lin S, Grimm M. Smart Steering Sleeve (S3): A Non-Intrusive and Integrative Sensing Platform for Driver Physiological Monitoring. Sensors. 2022; 22(19):7296. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197296

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ye, Chuwei, Wen Li, Zhaojian Li, Gopi Maguluri, John Grimble, Joshua Bonatt, Jacob Miske, Nicusor Iftimia, Shaoting Lin, and Michele Grimm. 2022. "Smart Steering Sleeve (S3): A Non-Intrusive and Integrative Sensing Platform for Driver Physiological Monitoring" Sensors 22, no. 19: 7296. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197296

APA Style

Ye, C., Li, W., Li, Z., Maguluri, G., Grimble, J., Bonatt, J., Miske, J., Iftimia, N., Lin, S., & Grimm, M. (2022). Smart Steering Sleeve (S3): A Non-Intrusive and Integrative Sensing Platform for Driver Physiological Monitoring. Sensors, 22(19), 7296. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197296

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