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Volume 21
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10.3390/s21051559
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Open AccessArticle

IoTCrawler: Challenges and Solutions for Searching the Internet of Things

by
Thorben Iggena
1,*,
Eushay Bin Ilyas
1,
Marten Fischer
1,
Ralf Tönjes
1,
Tarek Elsaleh
2,
Roonak Rezvani
2,
Narges Pourshahrokhi
2,
Stefan Bischof
3,
Andreas Fernbach
3,
Josiane Xavier Parreira
3,
Patrik Schneider
3,
Pavel Smirnov
4,
Martin Strohbach
4,
Hien Truong
5,
Aurora González-Vidal
6,
Antonio F. Skarmeta
6,
Parwinder Singh
7,
Michail J. Beliatis
7,
Mirko Presser
7,
Juan A. Martinez
8,
Pedro Gonzalez-Gil
6,
Marianne Krogbæk
9 and
Sebastian Holmgård Christophersen
9
1
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
2
Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
3
Siemens AG Austria, 1210 Vienna, Austria
4
AGT International, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
5
NEC Labs Europe, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
6
Information and Communication Engineering Department, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
7
Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, 7400 Herning, Denmark
8
Odin Solutions, R&D Department, 30820 Murcia, Spain
9
City of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Paolo Bellavista
Sensors 2021, 21(5), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051559
Received: 27 January 2021 / Revised: 18 February 2021 / Accepted: 18 February 2021 / Published: 24 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor Networks: Physical and Social Sensing in the IoT)
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Abstract

Due to the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and consequently, the availability of more and more IoT data sources, mechanisms for searching and integrating IoT data sources become essential to leverage all relevant data for improving processes and services. This paper presents the IoT search framework IoTCrawler. The IoTCrawler framework is not only another IoT framework, it is a system of systems which connects existing solutions to offer interoperability and to overcome data fragmentation. In addition to its domain-independent design, IoTCrawler features a layered approach, offering solutions for crawling, indexing and searching IoT data sources, while ensuring privacy and security, adaptivity and reliability. The concept is proven by addressing a list of requirements defined for searching the IoT and an extensive evaluation. In addition, real world use cases showcase the applicability of the framework and provide examples of how it can be instantiated for new scenarios. View Full-Text
Keywords: Internet of Things; search; security; privacy; reliability; IoT search framework; IoT data sources Internet of Things; search; security; privacy; reliability; IoT search framework; IoT data sources
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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MDPI and ACS Style

Iggena, T.; Bin Ilyas, E.; Fischer, M.; Tönjes, R.; Elsaleh, T.; Rezvani, R.; Pourshahrokhi, N.; Bischof, S.; Fernbach, A.; Xavier Parreira, J.; Schneider, P.; Smirnov, P.; Strohbach, M.; Truong, H.; González-Vidal, A.; Skarmeta, A.F.; Singh, P.; Beliatis, M.J.; Presser, M.; Martinez, J.A.; Gonzalez-Gil, P.; Krogbæk, M.; Holmgård Christophersen, S. IoTCrawler: Challenges and Solutions for Searching the Internet of Things. Sensors 2021, 21, 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051559

AMA Style

Iggena T, Bin Ilyas E, Fischer M, Tönjes R, Elsaleh T, Rezvani R, Pourshahrokhi N, Bischof S, Fernbach A, Xavier Parreira J, Schneider P, Smirnov P, Strohbach M, Truong H, González-Vidal A, Skarmeta AF, Singh P, Beliatis MJ, Presser M, Martinez JA, Gonzalez-Gil P, Krogbæk M, Holmgård Christophersen S. IoTCrawler: Challenges and Solutions for Searching the Internet of Things. Sensors. 2021; 21(5):1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051559

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iggena, Thorben; Bin Ilyas, Eushay; Fischer, Marten; Tönjes, Ralf; Elsaleh, Tarek; Rezvani, Roonak; Pourshahrokhi, Narges; Bischof, Stefan; Fernbach, Andreas; Xavier Parreira, Josiane; Schneider, Patrik; Smirnov, Pavel; Strohbach, Martin; Truong, Hien; González-Vidal, Aurora; Skarmeta, Antonio F.; Singh, Parwinder; Beliatis, Michail J.; Presser, Mirko; Martinez, Juan A.; Gonzalez-Gil, Pedro; Krogbæk, Marianne; Holmgård Christophersen, Sebastian. 2021. "IoTCrawler: Challenges and Solutions for Searching the Internet of Things" Sensors 21, no. 5: 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051559

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