Locust Inspired Algorithm for Cloudlet Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The methodology provides for a more complete presentation of locust optimisation procedures.
- The design of the discrete version of the locust optimisation algorithm can be implemented for user task scheduling in cloud computing environments.
- Load balancing with efficient task allocation is achieved based on this locust optimisation algorithm, which can efficiently allocate and balance tasks on VMs.
- Allocating resources dynamically by utilising a novel hybrid algorithm using a meta-heuristic (locust-inspired) algorithm allows for efficient scheduling of cloud resources to serve the users’ tasks.
- Evaluation of the proposed method can be performed using resource utilisation, makespan, and waiting time among VMs as performance metrics.
2. Related Work
3. Methodology
3.1. Algorithm Modelling
3.2. System Model
- Cloud Information Service (CIS): This is the main core entity involved as a registry created by default when the simulation in CloudSim is running. The data centre characteristics are saved in it such as resource availability. The CloudSim broker interacts with it to get resource updates.
- SimEntity: This entity is responsible for handling and sending messages to other entities for each event in the simulation.
- Data Centre (DC): A cloud resource comprising a pool of heterogeneous or homogeneous resources. A DC contains a set of hosts/servers, and its resources are provided to the VMs when required.
- Data Centre Broker: Defined as a VM management handler, the data centre broker acts on behalf of the user as a broker. It handles the processes of creation and destruction of VMs as well as handling task submissions to VMs.
- Physical Machine (PM): This represents a cloud computing server that executes actions related to VM management such as defining policies for bandwidth, memory, and VM processor provisions, and moreover, the creation and destruction processing for VMs.
- Virtual Machine (VM): This is a common means for cloud companies to increase the ability of their servers by running multiple systems on the same physical machine. A VM is given all the system functionalities to execute the end-users’ tasks (cloudlets) through a cloudlet scheduler.
- Processing Element (PE): This acts as a processor unit, which can be {1,2,3, ...}.
- Utilisation Model: This parameter is a determiner of the resource utilisation of the processor (e.g., if it is set to full, then the task will utilise all available resources of the VM, whereas if it is set to stochastic, then a random utilisation will be generated every time span).
3.3. The Proposed Algorithm
3.3.1. Preliminary Selection of VMs
- 1
- Computing the maximum and minimum cloudlet length ( and , respectively).
- 2
- Finding the total processing speed of all VMs represented in MIPS units as in Equation (7).
- 3
- 4
- If the VMs have different processing speeds, they will be sorted in increasing order based on their processing speeds (i.e., ).
- 5
- We will assume is a MIPS of to find the acceptance range, as illustrated in Figure 4.
- 6
3.3.2. Checking VM Utilisation
3.3.3. Earlier Cloudlet Handling
Algorithm 1: Locust scheduling algorithm. |
Input: VM configurations; cloudlet configurations |
Output: Optimised allocation |
1 Precondition: Identify |
; |
|
4. Experimental Results
4.1. Simulation Tool
- CloudSim allows the modelling of heterogeneous resources.
- The number of cloudlets that represent user applications is unlimited.
- Many of the cloud computing entities require simultaneous handling.
- CloudSim analysis methods can register all the required operations and calculate the statistics of the selected metrics.
- The simulator supports both static and dynamic schedulers.
4.2. Simulation Configurations and Parameters
4.3. Comparison Results
4.3.1. Type 1 Experiment (Locust Inspired Algorithm vs. TOPSIS–PSO)
Analysis of Makespan
Analysis of Waiting Time
Analysis of Resource Utilisation
4.3.2. Type 2 Experiment (Locust Inspired Algorithm vs. State-of-the-Art Algorithms)
5. Conclusions and Future Work
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ref. | Year | Algorithm Type | Improvement Types | Metrics | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TS | SC | MS | WT | U | |||
[19] | 2012 | BCO | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[20] | 2015 | ABC | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[21] | 2015 | PSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[22] | 2018 | PSO & hill-climbing | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[23] | 2015 | ACO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[24] | 2012 | MACO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[25] | 2015 | ACO with PSO (ACOPS) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[26] | 2015 | ACO & PSO to generate SA-ACO (self-adaptive) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[5] | 2017 | MPSO & CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[27] | 2019 | TOPSIS (PSO based) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[28] | 2020 | TOPSIS (PSO based) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[31] | 2011 | BSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[30] | 2017 | BSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[29] | 2020 | SA-BSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[32] | 2020 | CSSA | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[33] | 2020 | CSA | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[34] | 2015 | Fuzzy & SGA (FUGE) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[3] | 2020 | Bubble-net hunting of humpback wales (WOA) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[35] | 2016 | DSOS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[36] | 2012 | GA | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[38] | 2008 | GA & ACO | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[37] | 2015 | GA & ACO | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[39] | 2020 | Bacteria & chemotactic phenomenon | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[40] | 2019 | Chaotic social spider | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[41] | 2020 | social spider-mating (SSRPA) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
[16] | 2018 | Locust | ✓ | ✓ | |||
[17] | 2019 | Locust | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
[18] | 2021 | Locust | ✓ | ||||
Our algorithm | 2021 | Locust | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
#VM | Minimum T Length | Maximum T Length |
---|---|---|
. | . | . |
. | . | . |
. | . | . |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
No. of Cloudlets | 10–40 |
Cloudlet length | (100–2500) MI |
No. of VMs | 10 |
VM MIPS | 2400 MIPS |
Task scheduler | Time-shared |
No. of hosts | 1 |
Host(s) Storage | 1,000,000 MB |
Host(s) memory | 4096 MB |
No. of data centres | 1 |
pesNumber (No. of CPUs) | 5 |
num_user (No. of users) | 1 |
Utilisation model | Full utilisation |
System architecture | X86 |
Operating system | Linux |
VMM | Xen |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Total number of tasks | 100–500 |
Length of tasks | 1000–20,000 |
Total number of VMs | 50 |
VM memory (RAM) | 256–2048 |
VM bandwidth | 500–1000 |
Number of PEs required | 1–4 |
Number of DCs | 10 |
Number of hosts | 2–6 |
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Ala’anzy, M.A.; Othman, M.; Hanapi, Z.M.; Alrshah, M.A. Locust Inspired Algorithm for Cloudlet Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments. Sensors 2021, 21, 7308. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217308
Ala’anzy MA, Othman M, Hanapi ZM, Alrshah MA. Locust Inspired Algorithm for Cloudlet Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments. Sensors. 2021; 21(21):7308. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217308
Chicago/Turabian StyleAla’anzy, Mohammed Alaa, Mohamed Othman, Zurina Mohd Hanapi, and Mohamed A. Alrshah. 2021. "Locust Inspired Algorithm for Cloudlet Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments" Sensors 21, no. 21: 7308. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217308
APA StyleAla’anzy, M. A., Othman, M., Hanapi, Z. M., & Alrshah, M. A. (2021). Locust Inspired Algorithm for Cloudlet Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments. Sensors, 21(21), 7308. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217308