Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Existing Applications
2.1. Interplanetary Science Missions
2.1.1. Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN)
2.1.2. Cassini
2.1.3. Juno
2.2. Future Interplanetary Missions
2.3. Applications in Earth Atmosphere and Orbit
2.3.1. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)
2.3.2. Magnetometers Onboard Micro- and Nanosatellites
2.3.3. Navigation in the Earth’s Atmosphere
2.3.4. Magnetometers in Manned Aerial Vehicles
2.3.5. Magnetometers in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
3. Emerging Magnetometers
3.1. Atomic Magnetometers (Including SERF)
3.2. Optomechanical Magnetometers
3.3. Magnetometers Based on Atomic Defects in Solids
4. Brief Summary
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mission | Launch Year | Magnetometer | Dynamic Range (nT) | Resolution (pT) | Mass (kg) | Power (W) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GOES-1–3 | 1975–1978 | FGM (B) | 50–400 | - | - | - |
GOES-4–7 | 1980–1987 | FGM (B) | 200 | - | - | |
GOES-I–M | 1994–2001 | FGM (T) | 100 | - | - | |
Cassini | 1997 | FGM (T) | 0.44 (FGM) | (sleep) | ||
+V/SHM | (V/SHM) | (FGM + VHM) | ||||
±10,000 | 1200 | - | (FGM + SHM) | |||
GOES-N–P | 2006–2010 | FGM (T) | 30 | - | - | |
Juno | 2011 | FGM (T) | (nominal) | 48 | 5 | >4.5 |
± 1,638,400 (max.) | 5000 | |||||
MAVEN | 2013 | FGM (T) | 15 | - | >1 | |
62 | - | |||||
GOES-R | 2016 | FGM (T) | 16 | 2.5 | 4 |
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Bennett, J.S.; Vyhnalek, B.E.; Greenall, H.; Bridge, E.M.; Gotardo, F.; Forstner, S.; Harris, G.I.; Miranda, F.A.; Bowen, W.P. Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review. Sensors 2021, 21, 5568. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165568
Bennett JS, Vyhnalek BE, Greenall H, Bridge EM, Gotardo F, Forstner S, Harris GI, Miranda FA, Bowen WP. Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review. Sensors. 2021; 21(16):5568. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165568
Chicago/Turabian StyleBennett, James S., Brian E. Vyhnalek, Hamish Greenall, Elizabeth M. Bridge, Fernando Gotardo, Stefan Forstner, Glen I. Harris, Félix A. Miranda, and Warwick P. Bowen. 2021. "Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review" Sensors 21, no. 16: 5568. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165568