Wireless Power Transfer Techniques for Implantable Medical Devices: A Review
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Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
2
School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2020, 20(12), 3487; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123487
Received: 17 May 2020
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Revised: 9 June 2020
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Accepted: 18 June 2020
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Published: 19 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart IoT Systems for Pervasive Healthcare)
Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems have become increasingly suitable solutions for the electrical powering of advanced multifunctional micro-electronic devices such as those found in current biomedical implants. The design and implementation of high power transfer efficiency WPT systems are, however, challenging. The size of the WPT system, the separation distance between the outside environment and location of the implanted medical device inside the body, the operating frequency and tissue safety due to power dissipation are key parameters to consider in the design of WPT systems. This article provides a systematic review of the wide range of WPT systems that have been investigated over the last two decades to improve overall system performance. The various strategies implemented to transfer wireless power in implantable medical devices (IMDs) were reviewed, which includes capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, magnetic resonance coupling and, more recently, acoustic and optical powering methods. The strengths and limitations of all these techniques are benchmarked against each other and particular emphasis is placed on comparing the implanted receiver size, the WPT distance, power transfer efficiency and tissue safety presented by the resulting systems. Necessary improvements and trends of each WPT techniques are also indicated per specific IMD.
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Keywords:
acoustic coupling; capacitive coupling; electromagnetic; implantable medical device; optical power transfer; tissue safety; wireless power transfer
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MDPI and ACS Style
Khan, S.R.; Pavuluri, S.K.; Cummins, G.; Desmulliez, M.P.Y. Wireless Power Transfer Techniques for Implantable Medical Devices: A Review. Sensors 2020, 20, 3487. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123487
AMA Style
Khan SR, Pavuluri SK, Cummins G, Desmulliez MPY. Wireless Power Transfer Techniques for Implantable Medical Devices: A Review. Sensors. 2020; 20(12):3487. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123487
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Sadeque R., Sumanth K. Pavuluri, Gerard Cummins, and Marc P.Y. Desmulliez. 2020. "Wireless Power Transfer Techniques for Implantable Medical Devices: A Review" Sensors 20, no. 12: 3487. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123487
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