A Smartphone-Based Whole-Cell Array Sensor for Detection of Antibiotics in Milk
1
Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
2
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
3
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
4
Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
5
College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2019, 19(18), 3882; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19183882
Received: 30 June 2019 / Revised: 3 September 2019 / Accepted: 6 September 2019 / Published: 9 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optical Sensing for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications)
We present an integral smartphone-based whole-cell biosensor, LumiCellSense (LCS), which incorporates a 16-well biochip with an oxygen permeable coating, harboring bioluminescent Escherichia coli bioreporter cells, a macro lens, a lens barrel, a metal heater tray, and a temperature controller, enclosed in a light-impermeable case. The luminescence emitted by the bioreporter cells in response to the presence of the target chemicals is imaged by the phone’s camera, and a dedicated phone-embedded application, LCS_Logger, is employed to calculate photon emission intensity and plot it in real time on the device’s screen. An alert is automatically given when light intensity increases above the baseline, indicating the presence of the target. We demonstrate the efficacy of this system by the detection of residues of an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CIP), in whole milk, with a detection threshold of 7.2 ng/mL. This value is below the allowed maximum as defined by European Union regulations.
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Keywords:
antibiotics; smartphone; food; biosensors; bioluminescence; milk; whole-cell biosensor
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lu, M.-Y.; Kao, W.-C.; Belkin, S.; Cheng, J.-Y. A Smartphone-Based Whole-Cell Array Sensor for Detection of Antibiotics in Milk. Sensors 2019, 19, 3882. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19183882
AMA Style
Lu M-Y, Kao W-C, Belkin S, Cheng J-Y. A Smartphone-Based Whole-Cell Array Sensor for Detection of Antibiotics in Milk. Sensors. 2019; 19(18):3882. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19183882
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Mei-Yi; Kao, Wei-Chen; Belkin, Shimshon; Cheng, Ji-Yen. 2019. "A Smartphone-Based Whole-Cell Array Sensor for Detection of Antibiotics in Milk" Sensors 19, no. 18: 3882. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19183882
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