A Novel Application for Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Online Process Monitoring Tool for Viable Cell Concentrations

Slouka, Christoph; Wurm, David J.; Brunauer, Georg; Welzl-Wachter, Andreas; Spadiut, Oliver; Fleig, Jürgen; Herwig, Christoph

doi:10.3390/s16111900

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A Novel Application for Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Online Process Monitoring Tool for Viable Cell Concentrations

Christoph Slouka

^1,4,*

David J. Wurm

¹,

Georg Brunauer

Andreas Welzl-Wachter

³,

Oliver Spadiut

^1,4

Jürgen Fleig

³ and

Christoph Herwig

^1,4

Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria

Institute for Energy Systems and Thermodynamics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria

Research Division Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria

⁴

Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Alexander Star

Sensors 2016, 16(11), 1900; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111900

Received: 9 September 2016 / Revised: 29 October 2016 / Accepted: 9 November 2016 / Published: 11 November 2016

(This article belongs to the Section Biosensors)

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Abstract

New approaches in process monitoring during industrial fermentations are not only limited to classical pH, dO₂ and offgas analysis, but use different in situ and online sensors based on different physical principles to determine biomass, product quality, lysis and far more. One of the very important approaches is the in situ accessibility of viable cell concentration (VCC). This knowledge provides increased efficiency in monitoring and controlling strategies during cultivations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy—EIS—is used to monitor biomass in a fermentation of E. coli BL21(DE3), producing a recombinant protein using a fed batch-based approach. Increases in the double layer capacitance (C_dl), determined at frequencies below 1 kHz, are proportional to the increase of biomass in the batch and fed batch phase, monitored in offline and online modes for different cultivations. A good correlation of C_dl with cell density is found and in order to get an appropriate verification of this method, different state-of-the-art biomass measurements are performed and compared. Since measurements in this frequency range are largely determined by the double layer region between the electrode and media, rather minor interferences with process parameters (aeration, stirring) are to be expected. It is shown that impedance spectroscopy at low frequencies is a powerful tool for cultivation monitoring. View Full-Text

Keywords: Escherichia coli; viable cell count; online biomass monitoring; impedance spectroscopy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Slouka, C.; Wurm, D.J.; Brunauer, G.; Welzl-Wachter, A.; Spadiut, O.; Fleig, J.; Herwig, C. A Novel Application for Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Online Process Monitoring Tool for Viable Cell Concentrations. Sensors 2016, 16, 1900. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111900

AMA Style

Slouka C, Wurm DJ, Brunauer G, Welzl-Wachter A, Spadiut O, Fleig J, Herwig C. A Novel Application for Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Online Process Monitoring Tool for Viable Cell Concentrations. Sensors. 2016; 16(11):1900. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111900

Chicago/Turabian Style

Slouka, Christoph, David J. Wurm, Georg Brunauer, Andreas Welzl-Wachter, Oliver Spadiut, Jürgen Fleig, and Christoph Herwig. 2016. "A Novel Application for Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Online Process Monitoring Tool for Viable Cell Concentrations" Sensors 16, no. 11: 1900. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111900

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A Novel Application for Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Online Process Monitoring Tool for Viable Cell Concentrations

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