Stability Dynamics of Representative Forest Plant Communities in Northeast China
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Calculations and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Community Stability Change Characteristics
3.2. Tree Diversity and Community Structure Characteristics in 2009
3.3. Tree Diversity and Community Structure Changes from 2009 to 2014
4. Discussion
4.1. Community Stability Changes
4.2. Community Initial States and State Changes
4.3. Limitations and Future Research Needs
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plot Number | Survey in 2009 | Survey in 2014 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TS | FDS and RBA | SDS and RBA | TS | FDS and RBA | SDS and RBA | |
1 | 0.010 | AN (0.347) | PJ (0.344) | 0.046 | AN (0.341) | PJ (0.326) |
2 | 0.024 | PJ (0.480) | AN (0.468) | 0.049 | AN (0.479) | PJ (0.456) |
3 | 0.025 | AN (0.332) | PJ (0.324) | 0.093 | AN (0.344) | PJ (0.312) |
4 | 0.033 | LO (0.452) | BP (0.437) | 0.163 | LO (0.483) | BP (0.404) |
5 | 0.059 | BC (0.387) | PJ (0.365) | 0.067 | BC (0.389) | PJ (0.363) |
6 | 0.061 | PS (0.297) | LO (0.279) | 0.041 | PS (0.294) | LO (0.281) |
7 | 0.095 | LO (0.367) | AN (0.332) | 0.090 | LO (0.367) | AN (0.334) |
8 | 0.100 | LO (0.284) | PK (0.256) | 0.082 | LO (0.283) | PK (0.260) |
9 | 0.109 | PU (0.309) | TA (0.275) | 0.122 | PU (0.322) | TA (0.282) |
10 | 0.110 | BP (0.181) | PU (0.161) | 0.146 | PU (0.191) | BP (0.163) |
11 | 0.146 | LO (0.299) | BP (0.255) | 0.164 | LO (0.305) | BP (0.255) |
12 | 0.148 | BC (0.217) | UL (0.185) | 0.088 | BC (0.210) | UL (0.191) |
13 | 0.152 | BC (0.328) | PJ (0.278) | 0.139 | BC (0.325) | PJ (0.280) |
14 | 0.172 | AU (0.234) | BC (0.193) | 0.031 | BC (0.206) | AU (0.200) |
15 | 0.202 | PK (0.243) | QM (0.194) | 0.166 | PK (0.237) | QM (0.197) |
16 | 0.253 | PU (0.398) | TA (0.298) | 0.226 | PU (0.382) | TA (0.296) |
17 | 0.286 | PJ (0.514) | BC (0.367) | 0.343 | PJ (0.523) | BC (0.343) |
18 | 0.287 | TA (0.377) | PK (0.269) | 0.224 | TA (0.362) | PK (0.281) |
19 | 0.308 | PK (0.291) | TA (0.201) | 0.266 | PK (0.304) | TA (0.223) |
Plot Number | Survey in 2009 | Survey in 2014 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TS | FDS and RBA | SDS and RBA | TS | FDS and RBA | SDS and RBA | |
1 | 0.336 | PJ (0.421) | AN (0.280) | 0.239 | PJ (0.405) | AN (0.308) |
2 | 0.364 | TA (0.364) | PU (0.232) | 0.071 | TA (0.294) | PU (0.273) |
3 | 0.367 | BC (0.358) | PJ (0.227) | 0.388 | BC (0.371) | PJ (0.227) |
4 | 0.371 | BC (0.455) | AN (0.286) | 0.337 | BC (0.435) | AN (0.288) |
5 | 0.383 | QM (0.396) | AN (0.244) | 0.436 | QM (0.422) | AN (0.238) |
6 | 0.427 | AN (0.469) | TA (0.269) | 0.460 | AN (0.471) | TA (0.254) |
7 | 0.445 | PJ (0.524) | AN (0.291) | 0.743 | PJ (0.624) | PU (0.161) |
8 | 0.449 | PJ (0.512) | BC (0.282) | 0.484 | PJ (0.579) | BC (0.299) |
9 | 0.470 | PK (0.420) | PJ (0.222) | 0.476 | PK (0.430) | PJ (0.225) |
10 | 0.487 | PJ (0.407) | PK (0.208) | 0.516 | PJ (0.464) | PK (0.224) |
11 | 0.493 | QM (0.503) | FM (0.255) | 0.503 | QM (0.500) | FM (0.249) |
12 | 0.540 | TA (0.519) | AP (0.239) | 0.542 | TA (0.515) | AP (0.236) |
13 | 0.578 | TA (0.357) | PJ (0.151) | 0.580 | TA (0.351) | AN (0.148) |
14 | 0.578 | PJ (0.629) | AN (0.265) | 0.607 | PJ (0.690) | AN 0.271) |
15 | 0.604 | LO (0.559) | BP (0.222) | 0.663 | LO (0.576) | BP (0.194) |
16 | 0.605 | PK (0.377) | TA (0.149) | 0.553 | PK (0.347) | TA (0.155) |
17 | 0.614 | QM (0.570) | AN (0.220) | 0.686 | QM (0.625) | AN (0.196) |
18 | 0.635 | LO (0.440) | TA (0.161) | 0.632 | LO (0.439) | TA (0.162) |
19 | 0.655 | PK (0.447) | PJ (0.154) | 0.673 | PK (0.437) | PJ (0.143) |
Plot Number | Survey in 2009 | Survey in 2014 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TS | FDS and RBA | SDS and RBA | TS | FDS and RBA | SDS and RBA | |
1 | 0.666 | BC (0.498) | UL (0.167) | 0.642 | BC (0.487) | UL (0.174) |
2 | 0.679 | TA (0.534) | AN (0.171) | 0.653 | TA (0.532) | AN (0.185) |
3 | 0.698 | PJ (0.652) | AN (0.197) | 0.619 | PJ (0.598) | AN (0.228) |
4 | 0.698 | PU (0.664) | SR (0.200) | 0.815 | PU (0.739) | SR (0.137) |
5 | 0.703 | PU (0.488) | PK (0.145) | 0.711 | PU (0.514) | PK (0.149) |
6 | 0.711 | PJ (0.706) | BC (0.204) | 0.721 | PJ (0.708) | BC (0.197) |
7 | 0.726 | PK (0.554) | PJ (0.152) | 0.745 | PK (0.551) | PJ (0.141) |
8 | 0.729 | PJ (0.560) | AN (0.152) | 0.711 | PJ (0.568) | FM (0.164) |
9 | 0.732 | TA (0.457) | PU (0.122) | 0.688 | TA (0.433) | PU (0.135) |
10 | 0.787 | LO (0.609) | AN (0.130) | 0.774 | LO (0.607) | AN (0.137) |
11 | 0.796 | LO (0.731) | BP (0.149) | 0.848 | LO (0.758) | BP (0.115) |
12 | 0.830 | LO (0.855) | BP (0.145) | 0.843 | LO (0.864) | BP (0.136) |
13 | 0.863 | LO (0.846) | PJ (0.116) | 0.855 | LO (0.838) | PJ (0.121) |
14 | 0.864 | LO (0.880) | AN (0.120) | 0.890 | LO (0.901) | \ |
15 | 0.906 | BC (0.907) | \ | 0.812 | BC (0.772) | PJ (0.145) |
16 | 0.926 | PJ (0.859) | \ | 0.938 | PJ (0.847) | \ |
17 | 0.975 | PJ (0.935) | \ | 0.982 | PJ (0.967) | \ |
18 | 1.000 | BE (1.000) | \ | 1.000 | BE (1.000) | \ |
19 | 1.000 | BC (1.000) | \ | 1.000 | BC (1.000) | \ |
Variables | Mean (SD) | F or χ2 Value | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Stability Group (n = 19) | Moderate Stability Group (n = 19) | High Stability Group (n = 19) | |||
Tree richness a | 8 (3) | 8 (3) | 5 (3) | 7.263 | 0.002 |
Shannon–Wiener b | 1.617 (0.393) | 1.558 (0.298) | 1.147 (0.590) | 6.977 | 0.031 |
Simpson b | 0.725 (0.113) | 0.716 (0.080) | 0.571 (0.248) | 5.591 | 0.061 |
Tree size a | 16.9 (4.1) | 19.7 (4.5) | 19.7 (5.6) | 2.146 | 0.127 |
Tree number a | 70 (23) | 53 (17) | 47 (21) | 6.171 | 0.004 |
Variables | Mean Difference (p Value) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Low–Moderate Stability Group | Low–High Stability Group | Moderate–High Stability Group | |
Tree richness a | 1 (0.452) | 3 (0.001) | 3 (0.006) |
Shannon–Wiener b | 0.059 (0.863) | 0.470 (0.019) | 0.411 (0.031) |
Tree number a | 16 (0.016) | 23 (0.001) | 6 (0.366) |
Group | Variables | Mean (SD) | t or Z Value | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survey in 2009 | Survey in 2014 | ||||
Low stability group (n = 19) | Tree richness w | 8 (3) | 8 (3) | −1.732 | 0.083 |
Shannon–Wiener w | 1.617 (0.393) | 1.627 (0.379) | −0.237 | 0.813 | |
Simpson w | 0.725 (0.113) | 0.733 (0.110) | −1.188 | 0.235 | |
Tree size w | 16.9 (4.1) | 17.5 (4.0) | −2.278 | 0.023 | |
Tree number t | 70 (23) | 67 (23) | 1.682 | 0.110 | |
Moderate stability group (n = 19) | Tree richness w | 8 (3) | 8 (3) | −0.333 | 0.739 |
Shannon–Wiener t | 1.558 (0.298) | 1.566 (0.334) | −0.431 | 0.672 | |
Simpson t | 0.716 (0.080) | 0.713 (0.085) | 0.459 | 0.652 | |
Tree size w | 19.7 (4.5) | 20.7 (4.7) | −2.981 | 0.003 | |
Tree number w | 53 (17) | 49 (19) | −2.550 | 0.011 | |
High stability group (n = 19) | Tree richness w | 5 (3) | 5 (3) | −1.414 | 0.157 |
Shannon–Wiener w | 1.147 (0.592) | 1.151 (0.606) | −0.355 | 0.723 | |
Simpson t | 0.571 (0.248) | 0.562 (0.254) | 1.064 | 0.301 | |
Tree size w | 19.7 (5.6) | 19.9 (6.1) | −0.986 | 0.324 | |
Tree number t | 47 (21) | 47 (18) | 0.254 | 0.803 |
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Jia, Z.; Ge, S.; Li, Y.; Kang, D. Stability Dynamics of Representative Forest Plant Communities in Northeast China. Diversity 2025, 17, 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17090616
Jia Z, Ge S, Li Y, Kang D. Stability Dynamics of Representative Forest Plant Communities in Northeast China. Diversity. 2025; 17(9):616. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17090616
Chicago/Turabian StyleJia, Zhiyuan, Shusen Ge, Yutang Li, and Dongwei Kang. 2025. "Stability Dynamics of Representative Forest Plant Communities in Northeast China" Diversity 17, no. 9: 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17090616
APA StyleJia, Z., Ge, S., Li, Y., & Kang, D. (2025). Stability Dynamics of Representative Forest Plant Communities in Northeast China. Diversity, 17(9), 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17090616