The Diet of Eleonora’s Falcons (Falco eleonorae) during the Autumn Migration of Passerine Birds across the Aegean Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Diet of Eleonora’s Falcons
3.2. Prey Abundance in Relation to Food Demand of Young Falcons
3.3. Direct Observations of Migrating Birds That Are Not Hunted by Eleonora’s Falcons
3.4. Potential Impact of Eleonora’s Falcons on Rare Migrants
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Total Numbers | Mass (g) | Total Mass (kg) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Phylloscopus trochilus | Willow Warbler | 3737 | 9 | 33.6 |
Lanius collurio | Red-backed Shrike | 1436 | 30 | 43.1 |
Muscicapa striata | Spotted Flycatcher | 1331 | 14 | 18.6 |
Saxicola rubetra | Whinchat | 1190 | 16 | 19.0 |
Sylvia communis | Common Whitethroat | 685 | 15 | 10.3 |
Phylloscopus sibilatrix | Wood Warbler | 512 | 10 | 5.1 |
Anthus trivialis | Tree Pipit | 385 | 23 | 8.9 |
Hippolais icterina | Icterine Warbler | 342 | 13 | 4.4 |
Calandrella brachydactyla | Greater Short-toed Lark | 341 | 22 | 7.5 |
Oenanthe oenanthe | Northern Wheatear | 242 | 25 | 6.1 |
Luscinia megarhynchos | Common Nightingale | 215 | 21 | 4.5 |
Ficedula hypoleucos | European Pied Flycatcher | 204 | 13 | 2.7 |
Oriolus oriolus | Eurasian Golden Oriole | 195 | 67 | 13.1 |
Motacilla flava | Western Yellow Wagtail | 178 | 17 | 3.0 |
Lanius senator | Woodchat Shrike | 173 | 29 | 5.0 |
Lanius minor | Lesser Grey Shrike | 160 | 47 | 7.5 |
Upupa epops | Common Hoopoe | 157 | 67 | 10.5 |
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | Sedge Warbler | 147 | 13 | 1.9 |
Phoenicurus phoenicurus | Common Redstart | 138 | 16 | 2.2 |
Jynx torquilla | Eurasian Wryneck | 111 | 37 | 4.1 |
Cuculus canorus | Common Cuckoo | 110 | 115 | 12.7 |
Anthus campestris | Tawny Pipit | 98 | 25 | 2.5 |
Riparia riparia | Sand Martin | 95 | 14 | 1.3 |
Hirundo rustica | Barn Swallow | 92 | 20 | 1.8 |
Streptopelia turtur | European Turtle-dove | 86 | 154 | 13.2 |
Coturnix coturnix | Common Quail | 58 | 112 | 6.5 |
Acrocephalus palustris | Marsh Warbler | 58 | 12 | 0.7 |
Sylvia cantillans | Subalpine Warbler | 56 | 12 | 0.7 |
Delichon urbicum | Northern House Martin | 54 | 18 | 1.0 |
Apus apus | Common Swift | 50 | 43 | 2.2 |
Luscinia luscinia | Thrush Nightingale | 49 | 27 | 1.3 |
Acrocephalus arundinaceus | Great Reed-warbler | 48 | 32 | 1.5 |
Passer hispaniolensis | Spanish Sparrow | 45 | 30 | 1.4 |
Ixobrychus minutus | Common Little Bittern | 41 | 105 | 4.3 |
Sylvia crassirostris | Eastern Orphean Warbler | 39 | 18 | 0.7 |
Locustella fluviatilis | River Warbler | 34 | 15 | 0.5 |
Ficedula albicollis | Collared Flycatcher | 34 | 14 | 0.5 |
Caprimulgus europaeus | European Nightjar | 32 | 74 | 2.4 |
Zapornia parva | Little Crake | 28 | 60 | 1.7 |
Merops apiaster | European Bee-eater | 28 | 46 | 1.3 |
Alcedo atthis | Common Kingfisher | 28 | 45 | 1.3 |
Oenanthe melanoleuca | Eastern Black-eared Wheatear | 26 | 17 | 0.4 |
Carduelis carduelis | European Goldfinch | 26 | 19 | 0.5 |
Erithacus rubecula | European Robin | 24 | 16 | 0.4 |
Otus scops | Eurasian Scops-owl | 21 | 85 | 1.8 |
Emberiza hortulana | Ortolan Bunting | 21 | 24 | 0.5 |
Sylvia curruca | Lesser Whitethroat | 20 | 19 | 0.4 |
Sylvia nisoria | Barred Warbler | 19 | 25 | 0.5 |
Columba livia | Rock Dove | 18 | 412 | 7.4 |
Emberiza melanocephala | Black-headed Bunting | 15 | 27 | 0.4 |
Anthus spinoletta | Water Pipit | 15 | 21 | 0.3 |
Gallinula chloropus | Common Moorhen | 13 | 320 | 4.3 |
Turdus merula | Eurasian Blackbird | 8 | 115 | 0.9 |
Sylvia borin | Garden Warbler | 8 | 18 | 0.1 |
Ficedula parva | Red-breasted Flycatcher | 8 | 10 | 0.1 |
Crex crex | Corncrake | 8 | 150 | 1.2 |
Clamator glandarius | Great Spotted Cuckoo | 8 | 175 | 1.4 |
Actitis hypoleucos | Common Sandpiper | 8 | 60 | 0.5 |
Tachymarptis melba | Alpine Swift | 7 | 100 | 0.7 |
Coracias garrulus | European Roller | 7 | 134 | 0.9 |
Calidris minuta | Little Stint | 7 | 25 | 0.2 |
Porzana porzana | Spotted Crake | 6 | 102 | 0.6 |
Pastor roseus | Rosy Starling | 6 | 75 | 0.5 |
Anthus richardi | Richard’s Pipit | 6 | 18 | 0.1 |
Anthus pratensis | Meadow Pipit | 6 | 18 | 0.1 |
Locustella luscinioides | Savi’s Warbler | 5 | 16 | 0.1 |
Hippolais olivetorum | Olive-tree Warbler | 5 | 17 | 0.1 |
Chloris chloris | European Greenfinch | 5 | 28 | 0.1 |
Calidris pugnax | Ruff | 5 | 150 | 0.8 |
Acrocephalus scirpaceus | Common Reed-warbler | 5 | 12 | 0.1 |
Tringa glareola | Wood Sandpiper | 4 | 60 | 0.2 |
Motacilla alba | White Wagtail | 4 | 22 | 0.1 |
Fringilla coelebs | Common Chaffinch | 4 | 23 | 0.1 |
Chlidonias leucopterus | White-winged Tern | 4 | 70 | 0.3 |
Calidris temminckii | Temminck’s Stint | 4 | 25 | 0.1 |
Calidris alpina | Dunlin | 4 | 55 | 0.2 |
Hydrocoloeus minutus | Little Gull | 3 | 125 | 0.4 |
Alauda arvensis | Eurasian Skylark | 3 | 41 | 0.1 |
Sternula albifrons | Little Tern | 2 | 50 | 0.1 |
Regulus regulus | Goldcrest | 2 | 6 | 0.01 |
Monticola saxatilis | Rufous-tailed Rock-thrush | 2 | 52 | 0.1 |
Luscinia svecica | Bluethroat | 2 | 20 | 0.04 |
Lullula arborea | Woodlark | 2 | 29 | 0.06 |
Iduna pallida | Eastern Olivaceous Warbler | 2 | 10 | 0.02 |
Hydrobates pelagicus | European Storm-petrel | 2 | 26 | 0.06 |
Emberiza caesia | Cretzschmar’s Bunting | 2 | 23 | 0.05 |
Chlidonias hybrida | Whiskered Tern | 2 | 87 | 0.2 |
Cecropis daurica | Red-rumped Swallow | 2 | 24 | 0.05 |
Calidris ferruginea | Curlew Sandpiper | 2 | 50 | 0.1 |
Anthus cervinus | Red-throated Pipit | 2 | 20 | 0.04 |
Zapornia pusilla | Baillon’s Crake | 1 | 40 | 0.04 |
Turdus philomelos | Song Thrush | 1 | 80 | 0.08 |
Tringa totanus | Common Redshank | 1 | 120 | 0.1 |
Tringa stagnatilis | Marsh Sandpiper | 1 | 75 | 0.08 |
Tringa ochropus | Green Sandpiper | 1 | 76 | 0.08 |
Sylvia rueppelli | Rueppell’s Warbler | 1 | 13 | 0.01 |
Sylvia melanocephala | Sardinian Warbler | 1 | 12 | 0.01 |
Saxicola rubicola | Common Stonechat | 1 | 15 | 0.02 |
Pluvialis apricaria | Golden Plover | 1 | 190 | 0.2 |
Phoenicurus ochruros | Black Redstart | 1 | 15 | 0.02 |
Oenanthe pleschanka | Pied Wheatear | 1 | 17 | 0.02 |
Loxia curvirostra | Red Crossbill | 1 | 38 | 0.04 |
Linaria cannabina | Common Linnet | 1 | 20 | 0.02 |
Gallinago media | Great Snipe | 1 | 200 | 0.2 |
Gallinago gallinago | Common Snipe | 1 | 100 | 0.1 |
Eudromias morinellus | Eurasian Dotterel | 1 | 115 | 0.1 |
Charadrius hiaticula | Common Ringed Plover | 1 | 65 | 0.07 |
Charadrius dubius | Little Ringed Plover | 1 | 41 | 0.04 |
Cettia cetti | Cetti’s Warbler | 1 | 15 | 0.02 |
Arenaria interpres | Ruddy Turnstone | 1 | 185 | 0.2 |
Acrocephalus dumetorum | Blyth’s Reed Warbler | 1 | 12 | 0.01 |
Monticola solitarius | Blue Rock-thrush | 1 * | 60 | 0.06 |
Species | Month | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Total | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pentad | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | ||
Phasianidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Coturnix coturnix | s P + FS | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 15 | |||||||||||||
ns P + FS | 4 | 11 | 17 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 43 | ||||||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Apodidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Apus apus | s P + FS | 1 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 30 | ||||||||||||
ns P + FS | 2 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||
Obs | 2 | 1 | 30 | 3 | 4 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||
Cuculidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cuculus canorus | s P + FS | 1 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 43 | |||||||||||
ns P + FS | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 17 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 67 | |||||
Obs | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
Columbidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Streptopelia turtur | s P + FS | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 49 | |||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 37 | ||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 8 | 26 | 38 | 28 | 14 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 145 | |||||||||||||
Upupidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Upupa epops | s P + FS | 8 | 10 | 16 | 10 | 19 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 94 | |||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 63 | |||||||
Obs | 4 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 40 | |||||||||||||
Picidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jynx torquilla | s P + FS | 5 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 85 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 46 | |||||||||||
Obs | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Laniidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lanius minor | s P + FS | 1 | 20 | 29 | 17 | 22 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 104 | ||||||||||||
ns P + FS | 5 | 5 | 14 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 56 | |||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lanius senator | s P + FS | 1 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 22 | 13 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 3 | 101 | |||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 3 | 1 | 16 | 15 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 72 | ||||||||||
Lanius collurio | s P + FS | 3 | 73 | 138 | 113 | 222 | 154 | 142 | 70 | 204 | 59 | 62 | 16 | 1256 | |||||||||
ns P + FS | 2 | 4 | 2 | 9 | 42 | 25 | 19 | 10 | 20 | 22 | 8 | 12 | 5 | 180 | |||||||||
Obs | 1 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 17 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 55 | ||||||||||||||
Oriolidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Oriolus oriolus | s P + FS | 6 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 27 | 16 | 18 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 100 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 17 | 21 | 24 | 5 | 2 | 95 | ||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||
Alaudidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Calandrella brachydactyla | s P + FS | 4 | 1 | 13 | 39 | 48 | 61 | 55 | 54 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 312 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 2 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 29 | ||||||||||||||
Obs | 4 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||
Hirundinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Hirundo rustica | s P + FS | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 21 | 9 | 17 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 80 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||
Obs | 2 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 56 | |||||||||||||||
Delichon urbicum | s P + FS | 1 | 5 | 28 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 48 | |||||||||||||||
Riparia riparia | s P + FS | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 26 | 5 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 82 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Phylloscopidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Phylloscopus trochilus | s P + FS | 2 | 23 | 150 | 216 | 459 | 360 | 408 | 337 | 763 | 318 | 189 | 93 | 3318 | |||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 11 | 17 | 41 | 37 | 47 | 52 | 68 | 95 | 29 | 19 | 2 | 419 | ||||||||||
Obs | 20 | 13 | 140 | 350 | 510 | 200 | 615 | 730 | 420 | 50 | 20 | 3068 | |||||||||||
Phylloscopus sibilatrix | s P + FS | 16 | 66 | 32 | 67 | 39 | 34 | 76 | 92 | 22 | 15 | 11 | 470 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 42 | |||||||||
Obs | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Acrocephalidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Acrocephalus palustris | s P + FS | 6 | 8 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 58 | |||||||||||
Acrocephalus arundinaceus | s P + FS | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 25 | ||||||||||||
ns P + FS | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 23 | |||||||||||||
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | s P + FS | 11 | 17 | 15 | 25 | 18 | 7 | 13 | 15 | 5 | 1 | 127 | |||||||||||
ns P + FS | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 20 | |||||||||||||||
Obs | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hippolais icterina | s P + FS | 2 | 22 | 54 | 32 | 50 | 38 | 42 | 16 | 24 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 296 | |||||||||
ns P + FS | 2 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 46 | |||||||||||
Obs | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sylviidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sylvia communis | s P + FS | 1 | 24 | 54 | 42 | 130 | 76 | 95 | 60 | 82 | 22 | 19 | 10 | 615 | |||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 70 | ||||||||
Obs | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||
Sylvia cantillans | s P + FS | 2 | 4 | 2 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 52 | ||||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Muscicapidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Muscicapa striata | s P + FS | 25 | 79 | 79 | 186 | 129 | 159 | 147 | 192 | 75 | 57 | 28 | 1156 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 1 | 14 | 13 | 18 | 17 | 20 | 15 | 25 | 26 | 9 | 15 | 1 | 175 | |||||||||
Obs | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 36 | ||||||||||||||
Ficedula hypoleucos | s P + FS | 1 | 5 | 12 | 9 | 30 | 23 | 31 | 31 | 24 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 174 | |||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 30 | |||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Saxicola rubetra | s P + FS | 2 | 7 | 23 | 55 | 185 | 161 | 165 | 142 | 155 | 70 | 49 | 9 | 1023 | |||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 16 | 31 | 27 | 33 | 26 | 11 | 4 | 167 | |||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 4 | 24 | 16 | 12 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 70 | ||||||||||||||
Oenanthe oenanthe | s P + FS | 1 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 14 | 28 | 43 | 36 | 49 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 211 | |||||||||
ns P + FS | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 31 | |||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 17 | 19 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 78 | ||||||||||||
Phoenicurus phoenicurus | s P + FS | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 30 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 94 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 44 | |||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Luscinia luscinia | s P + FS | 1 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 36 | ||||||||||||
ns P + FS | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Luscinia megarhynchos | s P + FS | 8 | 37 | 9 | 20 | 26 | 11 | 9 | 25 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 165 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 50 | |||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
Passeridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Passer hispaniolensis | s P + FS | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 23 | 45 | |||||||||||||||
Obs | 25 | 115 | 20 | 70 | 230 | ||||||||||||||||||
Motacillidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Anthus trivialis | s P + FS | 1 | 3 | 13 | 21 | 46 | 63 | 95 | 58 | 26 | 11 | 338 | |||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 47 | ||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 3 | 6 | 16 | 14 | 17 | 15 | 7 | 79 | ||||||||||||||
Anthus campestris | s P + FS | 2 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 53 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 4 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 45 | ||||||||||||||
Obs | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
Motacilla flava | s P + FS | 5 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 16 | 33 | 24 | 21 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 147 | ||||||||||
ns P + FS | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 31 | |||||||||||
Obs | 2 | 10 | 10 | 166 | 91 | 230 | 270 | 310 | 430 | 255 | 205 | 355 | 35 | 2369 |
Species | Adults | Adult Males | Adult Females | Juveniles | Females and Juveniles | Ratio Adult/Juveniles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hirundo rustica | 5 | 24 | 0.21 | |||
Oriolus oriolus | 15 | 4 | 23 | 42 | 0.83 | |
Lanius senator | 7 | 23 | 53 | 0.57 | ||
Lanius minor | 18 | 48 | 0.38 | |||
Lanius collurio | 70 | 114 | 391 | 0.47 | ||
Sylvia communis | 52 | 111 | 0.47 | |||
Ficedula hypoleucos | 53 | 31 | 1.71 | |||
Muscicapa striata | 30 | 32 | 0.94 | |||
Saxicola rubetra | 113 | 157 | 0.72 | |||
Oenanthe oenanthe | 54 | 36 | 1.5 | |||
Phylloscopus trochilus | 15 | 17 | 0.88 | |||
Motacilla flava | 16 | 5 | 3.2 |
Month | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Total | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pentad | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
Ardea cinerea | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 17 | 6 | 53 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 108 | ||||||||
Ardea purpurea | 2 | 30 | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||
Egretta garzetta | 10 | 1 | 12 | 18 | 11 | 52 | |||||||||||||||
Nyctocorax nycticorax | 9 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 36 | |||||||||||||
Ardeola ralloides | 16 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 30 | 1 | 69 | ||||||||||||||
Bubulcus ibis | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||
Plegadis falcinellus | 16 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||
Circus aeruginosus | 7 | 9 | 43 | 9 | 18 | 24 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 127 | |||||||||||
Pernis apivorus | 3 | 37 | 10 | 29 | 1 | 1 | 81 | ||||||||||||||
Aquila fasciata | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 30 | |||||||||
Circaetus gallicus | 20 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||
Falco cherrug | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |||||||||||||
Milvus migrans | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
Accipiter nisus | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
Buteo buteo | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Buteo rufinus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Hieraaetus pennatus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Clanga pomarina | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Asio flammeus | 1 | 1 |
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Share and Cite
Ristow, D.; Wink, M. The Diet of Eleonora’s Falcons (Falco eleonorae) during the Autumn Migration of Passerine Birds across the Aegean Sea. Diversity 2024, 16, 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090538
Ristow D, Wink M. The Diet of Eleonora’s Falcons (Falco eleonorae) during the Autumn Migration of Passerine Birds across the Aegean Sea. Diversity. 2024; 16(9):538. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090538
Chicago/Turabian StyleRistow, Dietrich, and Michael Wink. 2024. "The Diet of Eleonora’s Falcons (Falco eleonorae) during the Autumn Migration of Passerine Birds across the Aegean Sea" Diversity 16, no. 9: 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090538