Invasibility of Common Plant Community Types of the Middle Urals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Plant Communities
- Bog communities without trees—sedge and reedbeds fens and bogs without trees (EUNIS Q1, Q5);
- Bog communities with trees—swamps and boreal bog woodlands, shrub fens (EUNIS T16, T3J, S92);
- Floodplain communities without trees—floodplain meadows (EUNIS R35);
- Floodplain communities with trees—riparian forests formed by species of the genus Salix, Padus, Alnus (EUNIS T11);
- Meadows—mesic and wet meadows (EUNIS R2, R3);
- Birch forests—forests formed by species of the genus Betula (EUNIS T1);
- Coniferous plantations, generally Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) (EUNIS T359);
- Coniferous forests (Pinus sylvestris) (EUNIS T3);
- Rocky grassland—rocky steppes of Festuco-Brometea class (EUNIS R1A) and anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation near the rocks (EUNIS V3);
- Forests dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) on rocky outcrops (EUNIS T35).
2.3. Vegetation Relevés
2.4. Alien Species
2.5. Invasibility Degree Estimation
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Alien Species Number and Proportion
3.2. Invasibility Parameter I1
3.3. Invasibility Parameter I2
3.4. Relationship between I1 and I2
4. Discussion
4.1. Invasion Levels
4.2. Invasibility Estimation Methods
4.3. Invasibility of Different Community Types
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Urbanization Levels | |||
---|---|---|---|
Community Types (EUNIS Habitat Types) | Non-Urban Habitats | Urban Habitats | Total |
Fens and bogs without trees (Q1, Q5) | 14 | 25 | 39 |
Swamps, bog woodlands, shrub fens (T16, T3J, S92) | 16 | 3 | 19 |
Flood meadows (R35) | 20 | 15 | 35 |
Riparian forests (T11) | 15 | 16 | 31 |
Mesic and wet meadows (R2, R3) | 30 | 33 | 63 |
Birch forests (T1) | 30 | 28 | 58 |
Coniferous plantations (T359) | 26 | 26 | 52 |
Coniferous forests (T3) | 180 | 230 | 410 |
Rocky grasslands (R1A, V3) | 13 | 4 | 17 |
Pine forests on rocky outcrops (T35) | 23 | 2 | 25 |
Total | 367 | 382 | 749 |
Community Types (EUNIS Habitat Types) | Nalien | Palien, % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Urban Habitats | Urban Habitats | Differences 1 | Non-Urban Habitats | Urban Habitats | Differences 1 | |
Fens and bogs without trees (Q1, Q5) | 0 | 0.72 ± 0.23 | n.s. | 0 | 2.8 ± 1.00 | n.s. |
Swamps, bog woodlands, shrub fens (T16, T3J, S92) | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
Flood meadows (R35) | 1.15 ± 0.29 | 3.40 ± 0.74 | n.s. | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 14.9 ± 1.7 | *** |
Riparian forests (T11) | 1.33 ± 0.39 | 4.19 ± 0.66 | * | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 14.3 ± 2.6 | *** |
Mesic and wet meadows (R2, R3) | 2.40 ± 0.45 | 4.97 ± 0.59 | ** | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 14.0 ± 1.4 | *** |
Birch forests (T1) | 1.00 ± 0.22 | 5.50 ± 0.76 | *** | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 15.3 ± 2.1 | *** |
Coniferous plantations (T359) | 2.77 ± 0.38 | 4.54 ± 0.39 | n.s. | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 8.7 ± 0.7 | n.s. |
Coniferous forests (T3) | 1.58 ± 0.15 | 4.04 ± 0.15 | *** | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 7.9 ± 0.3 | *** |
Rocky grasslands (R1A, V3) | 3.31 ± 0.94 | 5.75 ± 1.25 | n.s. | 8.2 ± 2.1 | 14.1 ± 2.8 | n.s. |
Pine forests on rocky outcrops (T35) | 1.13 ± 0.31 | 7.00 ± 1.00 | * | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 20.5 ± 3.8 | ** |
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Veselkin, D.V.; Zolotareva, N.V.; Dubrovin, D.I.; Podgaevskaya, E.N.; Pustovalova, L.A.; Korzhinevskaya, A.A. Invasibility of Common Plant Community Types of the Middle Urals. Diversity 2023, 15, 955. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15090955
Veselkin DV, Zolotareva NV, Dubrovin DI, Podgaevskaya EN, Pustovalova LA, Korzhinevskaya AA. Invasibility of Common Plant Community Types of the Middle Urals. Diversity. 2023; 15(9):955. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15090955
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeselkin, Denis V., Natalya V. Zolotareva, Denis I. Dubrovin, Elena N. Podgaevskaya, Liliya A. Pustovalova, and Anastasia A. Korzhinevskaya. 2023. "Invasibility of Common Plant Community Types of the Middle Urals" Diversity 15, no. 9: 955. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15090955