The Mosquitoes of Querétaro, Mexico: Distribution, Ecology, and Discovery of Shannoniana huasteca n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Mosquito Collection
2.3. Review of Entomological Collections
2.4. DNA Extraction and COI Amplification
2.5. Sequence Analysis
2.6. Nomenclatural Acts
3. Results
3.1. Mosquito Identification
3.2. Biological and Ecological Notes for New State Records
3.2.1. Genus Anopheles
3.2.2. Genus Aedes
3.2.3. Genus Psorophora
3.2.4. Genus Culex
3.2.5. Genus Lutzia
3.2.6. Genus Culiseta
3.2.7. Genus Limatus
3.2.8. Genus Sabethes
3.2.9. Genus Shannoniana
3.2.10. Genus Wyeomyia
3.2.11. Genus Toxorhynchites
3.3. Molecular Analysis
3.4. Description of New Species
3.5. Keys to Species of Adult Female of Shannoniana
4. Discussion and Conclusions
4.1. Ecology and Distributional Groups of Species
4.1.1. Group 1
4.1.2. Group 2
4.1.3. Group 3
4.2. Species from Adjacent Regions That May Occur in Querétaro
4.3. Medical Importance of Mosquitoes of Querétaro
4.4. Molecular Analysis
4.5. Mosquitoes Diversity in Querétaro and Mexico
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Taxa | F.R. | Taxa | F.R. |
---|---|---|---|
Anopheles (Anopheles) | 26. Cx. coronator Dyar and Knab | NSR | |
1. An. apicimacula Dyar and Knab | NSR | 27. Cx. declarator Dyar and Knab | NSR |
2. An. eiseni Coquillett | NSR | 28. Cx. erythrothorax Dyar | NSR |
3. An. franciscanus McCracken | NSR | 29. Cx. quinquefasciatus Say | D-NV |
4. An. pseudopunctipennis Theobald | VM-P | 30. Cx. restuans Theobald | NSR |
5. An. punctipennis (Say) | VM-P | 31. Cx. salinarius Coquillett | NSR |
Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) | 32. Cx. stigmatosoma 2 Dyar | D-NV | |
6. An. albimanus Wiedemann | IBMC | 33. Cx. tarsalis Coquillett | NSR |
Aedes (Aedimorphus) | 34. Cx. thriambus Dyar | NSR | |
7. Ae. vexans (Meigen) | V | Culex (Melanoconion) | |
Aedes (Georgecriagius) | 35. Cx. erraticus (Dyar and Knab) | NSR | |
8. Ae. epactius 1 Dyar and Knab | D-NV | 35. Cx. peccator Dyar and Knab | NSR |
Aedes (Howardina) | Culex (Neoculex) | ||
9. Ae. allotecnon Kumm, Komp, and Ruiz | V | 36. Cx. apicalis Adams | NSR |
10. Ae. quadrivittatus (Coquillett) | NSR | 37. Cx. arizonensis Bohart | NSR |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) | Culex (Phenacomyia) | ||
11. Ae. angustivittatus Dyar and Knab | NSR | 38. Cx. lactator Dyar and Knab | NSR |
12. Ae. euplocamus Dyar and Knab | NSR | Lutzia (Lutzia) | |
13. Ae. scapularis (Rondani) | D-NV | 40. Lt. bigoti (Bellardi) | NSR |
14. Ae. shannoni Vargas and Downs | V | Culiseta (Culiseta) | |
15. Ae. trivittatus (Coquillett) | V | 41. Cs. inornata (Williston) | NSR |
Aedes (Protomacleaya) | 42. Cs. particeps (Adams) | NSR | |
16. Ae. amabilis Schick | NSR | 43. Cs. n. sp. | NS |
17. Ae. brelandi Zavortink | STEA | Limatus | |
18. Ae. podographicus Dyar and Knab | OMEA a | 44. Li. durhamii Theobald | NSR |
19. Ae. schicki Zavortink | NSR | Sabethes (Sabethoides) | |
20. Ae. triseriatus (Say) | STEA | 45. Sa. chloropterus (von Humboldt) | NSR |
Aedes (Stegomyia) | Shannoniana | ||
21. Ae. aegypti (Linneaus) | IBMC | 46. Sh. huasteca n. sp. | NS |
22. Ae. albopictus (Skuse) | OMEA b | Wyeomyia (Triamyia) | |
Haemagogus (Haemagogus) | 47. Wy. aporonoma Dyar and Knab | NSR | |
23. Hg. equinus Theonald | WEEA | Wyeomyia (Wyeomyia) | |
Psorophora (Grabhamia) | 48. Wy. adelpha/guatemala | NSR | |
24. Ps. signipennis (Coquillett) | NSR | 49. Wy. mitchellii (Theobald) | NSR |
Culex (Anoedioporpa) | Toxorhynchites (Lynchiella) | ||
25. Cx. restrictor Dyar and Knab | NSR | 50. Tx. moctezuma (Dyar and Knab) | NSR |
Culex (Culex) |
Region (Subregion) | Municipalities Sampled | Description of Subregions |
---|---|---|
Sierra Madre Oriental (Carso Huasteco) | Arroyo Seco, Jalpan de Serra, Landa de Matamoros, Peñamiller, Pinal de Amoles, San Joaquín, | Located in the south of the Sierra Madre Oriental, extends from San Luis Potosí and Guanajuato states to Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz, and Puebla states. This subregion includes cloud and tropical forests, with oak and pine predominate. |
Central Plateau (Mountains and Plains of Northern Guanajuato) | Cadereyta de Montes | This region is characterized by being an elevated region made up of wide plains interrupted by scattered mountain ranges, covered for the most part by Cenozoic volcanic rocks. Its average altitude is from 1700 to 2300 m above sea level. |
Neo-Volcanic Axis (Plains and Mountains of Querétaro and Hidalgo) | Amealco de Bonfil, Cadereyta de Montes, Colón, Corregidora, El Marqués, Ezequiel Montes, Huimilpan, Pedro Escobedo, San Juan del Río, Santiago de Querétaro, Tequisquiapan, Tolimán | This subregion is an area of rough terrain where rounded hills predominate, some reaching elevations of 2400 m; the weather is dry and semi-warm, with warm temperatures during the summer, and cold during the winter. Includes grasslands and shrublands. |
Neo-Volcanic Axis (Thousand Peaks) | Huimilpan | This small subregion has mountainous relief that is made up of volcanic mountains, staggered lava plateaus, basaltic hills and the wide valley of the Lerma River. The climate is temperate and warm sub-humid, the rains occurring between June and October. |
Neo-Volcanic Axis (Lakes and Volcanoes of Anáhuac) | Amealco de Bonfil | This subregion has a relief with hills and mountains with elevations above 3000 m; the climate is temperate humid, cool in summer. There are extensive regions of pine and oak forest, as well shrublands and grasslands. |
Taxa | Collection Date | Collection Site | Habitat | Aquatic Parameters | Associated Species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latitude N | Longitude W | Elev. | pH | Temp | Salts | ||||
An. apicimacula | 17 July 2015 | 20°4′41.2″ | 100°6′2.0″ | 1949 | Resting on peri-domiciliary | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- |
An. franciscanus | 14 November 2012 | 20°8′53.3″ | 99°58′38.5″ | 2329 | Stream margin with clear water, green algae and total shade | 6.40 | 14.5 | 66 | Ae. epactius, Cx. apicalis |
14 November 2012 | 20°9′10.7″ | 100°1′9.6″ | 2463 | Pond with colored water, brown algae and partial shade | 6.55 | 17.2 | 100 | Cx. tarsalis | |
15 November 2012 | 20°6′41.9″ | 100°6′46.9″ | 2556 | Swamp with colored water, green algae and absent shade | 7.48 | 15.3 | 90 | ----- | |
16 November 2012 | 20°44′38.5″ | 99°56′19.7″ | 2058 | Spring with clear water, floating vegetation and total shade | 7.18 | 14.1 | 720 | ----- | |
16 November 2012 | 20°53′30.1″ | 99°41′44.1″ | 1539 | Pond with clear water, green algae and absent shade | 7.19 | 25.8 | 701 | ----- | |
17 November 2012 | 21°1′52″ | 99°36′2.3″ | 562 | Pond with clear water, green algae and partial shade | 7.22 | 24.8 | 277 | An. pseudopunctipennis, Cx. coronator, Cx. restuans | |
17 July 2015 | 20°24′41.2″ | 100°6′2″ | 1949 | Pond with clear water, aquatic vegetation, green brown and partial shade | 8 | 21 | 535 | Cx. stigmatosoma | |
Ae. quadrivittatus | 27 September 2012 | 21°13′7″ | 99°5′42″ | 368 | Bromeliad axil with colored water and abundant leaf at bottom, total shade | 6.60 | 26.4 | 22 | Ae. aegypti, Wy. mitchellii |
27 September 2012 | 21°13′7″ | 99°5′42″ | 368 | Bromeliad axil with colored water and abundant leaf at bottom | 6.99 | 24.7 | 12 | Ae. allotecnon, Wy. mitchellii | |
27 September 2012 | 21°16′14.4″ | 99°3′20.1″ | 897 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. podographicus, Sa. chloropterus, Sh. huasteca, Wy. mitchellii | |
19 November 2012 | 21°34′18.8″ | 99°14′33.3″ | ---- | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. trivittatus, Ae. amabilis | |
20 November 2012 | 21°34′53.6″ | 99°14′6.8″ | 686 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. trivittatus, Ae. amabilis, Ae. brelandi, Sa. chloropterus, Wy. mitchellii | |
20 November 2012 | 21°34′18.8″ | 99°14′33.3″ | 766 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. triseriatus, Ae. amabilis | |
24 September 2018 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°411.1″ | 1010 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Sh. huasteca, Wy. mitchellii | |
Ae. angustivittatus | 28 September 2012 | 21°30′59″ | 99°17′13.3″ | 1033 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. trivittatus, Ae. allotecnon, Ae. amabilis, Ae. brelandi |
Ae. euplocamus | 28 September 2012 | 21°18′48″ | 99°16′21.7″ | 965 | Rain gutter with colored water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 9.70 | 27.6 | 58 | Ae. epactius, Ae. shannoni |
20 November 2012 | 21°34′27.7″ | 99°12′39.8″ | 715 | Rock hole with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.63 | 24 | 162 | Ae. epactius, Cx. coronator | |
Ae. amabilis | 28 September 2012 | 21°30′32.7″ | 99°17′22.2″ | 965 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- |
28 September 2012 | 21°30′59″ | 99°17′13.3″ | 1033 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. angustivittatus, Ae. trivittatus, Ae. allotecnon, Ae. brelandi | |
19 November 2012 | 21°30′59″ | 99°17′13.3″ | 686 | Shannon trap baited with human at day | Ae. trivittatus, Ae. triseriatus | ||||
19 November 2012 | 21°34′18.8″ | 99°14′33.3″ | ---- | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. quadrivittatus, Ae. trivittatus | |
20 November 2012 | 21°34′53.6″ | 99°14′6.8″ | 686 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. quadrivittatus, Ae. trivittatus, Ae. brelandi, Sa. chloropterus, Wy. mitchellii | |
20 November 2012 | 21°34′53.6″ | 99°14′6.8″ | 686 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. quadrivittatus, Ae. triseriatus | |
24 September 2018 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°411.1″ | 1010 | Tree hole with colored water and leaves at bottom | 6.73 | 23 | 180 | ----- | |
Ae. schicki | 15 November 2012 | 20°55′51.6″ | 99°33′16.3″ | 2381 | Tree hole with colored water with abundant leaves at bottom | 7.25 | 12.8 | 243 | ----- |
Ps. signipennis | 6 July 2012 | 20°26′55.9″ | 100°15′52.1″ | 2184 | Pond with clear water and partial shade | 7.3 | 24 | 102 | ----- |
6 July 2012 | 20°26′45.4″ | 100°16′4.5″ | 2187 | Pond with clear water and partial shade | 7.57 | 25 | 101 | Ae. trivittatus | |
6 July 2012 | 20°26′45.4″ | 100°16′4.5″ | 2187 | Pond with colored water, emerging vegetation and partial shade | 7.57 | 24.7 | 213 | Ae. trivittatus | |
Cx. restrictor | 12 September 2012 | 21°13′13.7″ | 99°5′42″ | 368 | Tree hole with colored water, leaves at bottom with total shade | 8.26 | 24.6 | 1132 | ----- |
27 September 2012 | 21°13′11.2″ | 99°5′56.9″ | 140 | Discarded tire with clear water, total shade | 7.55 | 22.7 | 42 | Cx. thriambus, Tx. moctezuma | |
Cx. coronator | 2 April 2012 | 21°32′8.6″ | 99°40′59.9″ | 960 | Stream margin with clear water and total shade | 8.64 | 27.9 | 792 | ----- |
3 April 2012 | 21°26′45.7″ | 99°37′58.1″ | 567 | Pond with clear water, aquatic vegetation and partial shade | 7.8 | 26.3 | 510 | An. punctipennis, Cx. restuans | |
3 April 2012 | 21°23′29.3″ | 99°34′57.9″ | 534 | Pond with clear water, emerging vegetation and total shade | 7.9 | 30 | 206 | ----- | |
3 April 2012 | 21°12′35.3″ | 99°31′59.5″ | 1095 | Irrigation gutter with colored water and total shade | 6.8 | 25.3 | 482 | Cx. tarsalis | |
4 April 2012 | 21°02′23.6″ | 99°46′06.6″ | 1292 | Pond with clear water and partial shade | 7.7 | 34.2 | 1429 | ----- | |
17 November 2012 | 21°1′52″ | 99°36′2.3″ | 562 | Pond with clear water, green algae and partial shade | 7.22 | 24.8 | 277 | An. franciscanus, An. pseudopunctipennis, Cx. restuans | |
20 November 2012 | 21°34′27.7″ | 99°12′39.8″ | 715 | Rock hole with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.63 | 24 | 162 | Ae. epactius, Ae. euplocamus | |
Cx. declarator | 2 April 2012 | 21°33′45.8″ | 99°42′27.9″ | ---- | Artificial container with clear water and partial shade | 8.2 | 31.3 | 328 | Ae. epactius |
Cx. erythrothorax | 2 April 2012 | 21°26′45.7″ | 99°38′1.7″ | 575 | Human biting/landing at night | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- |
3 April 2012 | 21°26′44.6″ | 99°38′6.0″ | 548 | Resting intra-domiciliary | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus | |
8 July 2012 | 20°32′13.4″ | 99°52′59.8″ | 1898 | Human biting/landing at night | ---- | ---- | ---- | Cx. tarsalis | |
8 July 2012 | 20°32′13.4″ | 99°52′59.8″ | 1898 | Resting in vegetation at night | ---- | ---- | ---- | Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma | |
14 November 2012 | 20°8′19.1″ | 99°57′8.3″ | 2403 | Resting on caves at day, total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- | |
15 November 2012 | 20°2′31.7″ | 100°4′27.4″ | 2393 | Irrigation gutter with clear water, aquatic vegetation and partial shade | 7.02 | 15.9 | 170 | Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. tarsalis, Cs. inornata | |
Cx. restuans | 3 April 2012 | 21°26′45.7″ | 99°37′58.1″ | 567 | Pond with clear water, aquatic vegetation and partial shade | 7.8 | 26.3 | 510 | An. punctipennis, Cx. coronator |
14 November 2012 | 20°8′53.3″ | 99°58′38.5″ | 2329 | Stream margin with clear water and total shade | 6.39 | 17.4 | 223 | Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. arizonensis, Cs. particeps | |
20 November 2012 | 21°33′50.2″ | 99°13′11.4″ | ---- | Rock hole with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.22 | 17.2 | 101 | ----- | |
Cx. tarsalis | 3 April 2012 | 21°18′50.0″ | 99°30′21.9″ | 549 | Pond with clear water, with floating vegetation and total shade | 8.20 | 30.2 | 171 | An. punctipennis, Cx. stigmatosoma |
3 April 2012 | 21°18′50.0″ | 99°30′21.9″ | 549 | Pond with clear water, with floating vegetation and total shade | 8.4 | 31.7 | 175 | An. punctipennis, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. peccator | |
3 April 2012 | 21°12′35.3″ | 99°31′59.5″ | 1095 | Irrigation gutter with colored water and total shade | 6.8 | 25.3 | 482 | Cx. coronator | |
4 April 2012 | 21°09′32.4″ | 99°34′37.9″ | 1785 | Spring with clear water and total shade | 8.3 | 13 | 225 | Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. arizonensis, Lt. bigoti, Cs. particeps | |
6 July 2012 | 20°22′34.3″ | 100°16′28.8″ | ---- | Rock hole with clear water and partial shade | 9.1 | 20.5 | 156 | Ae. trivittatus, Cs. particeps | |
7 July 2012 | 20°25′08.9″ | 100°17′40.7″ | 2151 | Pond with clear water, emerging vegetation and absent shade | 7.2 | 19.5 | 111 | ----- | |
7 July 2012 | 20°22′22.8″ | 100°17′0.85″ | ---- | Artificial container with clear water and partial shade | 8.3 | 19.7 | 223 | Cx. stigmatosoma | |
7 July 2012 | 20°22′27.3″ | 100°16′30.1″ | 2305 | Pond with clear water, emerging vegetation and partial shade | 7.4 | 20.3 | 90 | Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. thriambus | |
7 July 2012 | 20°11′15.5″ | 100°8′57″ | 2639 | Flower vase with clear water and absent shade | 8.4 | 23.2 | 298 | ----- | |
7 July 2012 | 20°23′2.7″ | 100°0′35.8″ | 1915 | Resting in vegetation at day with partial shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. trivittatus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma | |
8 July 2012 | 20°46′34.7″ | 100°03′10.4″ | 1941 | Resting in vegetation at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Cx. stigmatosoma | |
8 July 2012 | 20°54′13.9″ | 99°55′53.9″ | 1756 | Flower vase with colored water, leaves at bottom and partial shade | 7.7 | 26.4 | 631 | Cx. stigmatosoma | |
8 July 2012 | 20°39′46.2″ | 99°53′29.1″ | 1996 | Pond with clear water, emerging vegetation and absent shade | 9.4 | 25.1 | 212 | Cx. stigmatosoma | |
8 July 2012 | 20°32′13.4″ | 99°52′59.8″ | 1898 | Human biting/landing at night | ---- | ---- | ---- | Cx. erythrothorax | |
14 November 2012 | 20°8′53.3″ | 99°58′38.5″ | 2329 | Rock hole with clear water, leaves at bottom, partial shade | 6.59 | 22.7 | 279 | Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cs. particeps | |
14 November 2012 | 20°9′10.7″ | 100°1′9.6″ | 2463 | Pond with dark water, aquatic vegetation and total shade | 7.20 | 15.3 | 777 | An. franciscanus | |
15 November 2012 | 20°2′31.7″ | 100°4′27.4″ | 2393 | Irrigation gutter with clear water, aquatic vegetation and partial shade | 7.02 | 15.9 | 170 | Cx. stigmatosoma | |
16 November 2012 | 20°46′12.6″ | 99°55′4″ | 1932 | Irrigation gutter with clear water, aquatic vegetation and partial shade | 7.11 | 23.5 | 29 | Cx. apicalis | |
Cx. thriambus | 7 July 2012 | 20°9′10.7″ | 100°1′9.6″ | 2463 | Pond with clear water, emerging vegetation and partial shade | 7.4 | 20.3 | 90 | Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. tarsalis |
12 September 2012 | 21°13′7″ | 99°5′42″ | 368 | Resting on caves with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. albopictus | |
12 September 2012 | 21°13′11.2″ | 99°5′56.9″ | 140 | Discarded tire with clear water, total shade | 7.55 | 22.7 | 42 | Cx. restrictor, Tx. moctezuma | |
29 September 2012 | 21°8′6.1″ | 99°37′27.6″ | 1790 | Flower vase with clear water, leaves at bottom, green algae and total shade | 7.94 | 19.9 | 484 | ----- | |
29 September 2012 | 21°8′6.1″ | 99°37′27.6″ | 1790 | Discarded tire with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 8.26 | 19.4 | 389 | Cx. stigmatosoma | |
16 November 2012 | 20°43′59.3″ | 99°56′16.7″ | 2080 | Artificial container with colored water, leaves at bottom and absent shade | 7.21 | 15.2 | 555 | Cx. quinquefasciatus | |
16 November 2012 | 20°53′23.7″ | 99°34′55.1″ | 2399 | Discarded tire with clear water and partial shade | 7.29 | 22.5 | 177 | ----- | |
16 November 2012 | 20°56′4.4″ | 99°33′35.3″ | 2416 | Discarded tire with colored water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.24 | 12 | 780 | ----- | |
16 November 2012 | 20°56′4.4″ | 99°33′35.3″ | 2416 | Cattle drinker with clear water, leaves at bottom and partial shade | 7.24 | 13.4 | 158 | Ae. trivittatus, Cs. particeps | |
17 November 2012 | 20°59′45.9″ | 99°34′40.3″ | 1884 | Spring with clear water, aquatic vegetation, brown algae and total shade | 7.10 | 15 | 289 | An. pseudopunctipennis, Cx. stigmatosoma | |
17 November 2012 | 20°59′45.9″ | 99°34′40.3″ | 1684 | Artificial container with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.10 | 16 | 328 | Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cs. particeps | |
24 September 2018 | 21°8′38″ | 99°37′15.1″ | 2292 | Discarded tire with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.15 | 20 | 190 | Cs. n. sp., Tx. moctezuma | |
22 September 2021 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°4′11.1″ | 1010 | Tree hole with colored water, leaves at bottom with total shade | 7.50 | 20 | 1095 | Cx. lactator | |
Cx. erraticus | 3 April 2012 | 21°18′50.0″ | 99°30′21.9″ | 549 | Pond with clear water with floating vegetation and total shade | 8.4 | 31.7 | 175 | An. punctipennis, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. peccator |
Cx. peccator | 3 April 2012 | 21°18′50.0″ | 99°30′21.9″ | 549 | Pond with clear water with floating vegetation and total shade | 8.4 | 31.7 | 175 | An. punctipennis, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. erraticus |
3 April 2012 | 21°18′50.0″ | 99°30′21.9″ | 549 | Resting in vegetation at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- | |
Cx. apicalis | 14 November 2012 | 20°8′53.3″ | 99°58′38.5″ | 2329 | Stream margin with clear water, green algae and total shade | 6.40 | 14.5 | 66 | An. franciscanus, Ae. epactius |
15 November 2012 | 20°16′59.9″ | 100°10′5.7″ | 2296 | Stream margin with clear water, emerging vegetation, green algae and partial shade | 7.49 | 22 | 65 | An. punctipennis | |
15 November 2012 | 20°20′22.3″ | 100°14′53.7″ | ---- | Pond with colored water, aquatic vegetation and absent shade | 7.07 | 25 | 38 | ----- | |
15 November 2012 | 20°20′19.9″ | 100°19′50.4″ | 2418 | Rock hole with dark water, emerging vegetation and partial shade | 7.11 | 23.5 | 29 | Cx. arizonensis | |
16 November 2012 | 20°34′43″ | 100°19′21.7″ | 2037 | Discarded tire with colored water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.43 | 17.11 | 682 | Ae. epactius | |
16 November 2012 | 20°53′23.7″ | 99°34′55.1″ | 2399 | Discarded tire with clear water and partial shade | 7.28 | 20.4 | 110 | ----- | |
Cx. arizonensis | 4 April 2012 | 21°09′33.7″ | 99°34′35.9″ | 1813 | Waterhole with clear water and total shade | 7.56 | 16.8 | 269 | ----- |
4 April 2012 | 21°09′32.4″ | 99°34′37.9″ | 1785 | Spring with clear water and total shade | 8.3 | 13 | 225 | Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. tarsalis, Lt. bigoti, Cs. particeps | |
29 September 2012 | 21°8′6.1″ | 99°37′27.6″ | 1790 | Flower vase with clear water, leaves at bottom, green algae and total shade | 9.76 | 19.6 | 277 | Ae. albopictus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cs. particeps | |
14 November 2012 | 20°8′1.1″ | 99°56′52.6″ | 2369 | Resting on caves at day, total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Cx. stigmatosoma, Cs. particeps | |
14 November 2012 | 20°8′53.3″ | 99°58′38.5″ | 2329 | Stream margin with clear water and total shade | 6.39 | 17.4 | 223 | Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. restuans, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cs. particeps | |
15 November 2012 | 20°20′19.9″ | 100°19′50.4″ | 2418 | Rock hole with dark water, emerging vegetation and partial shade | 7.11 | 23.5 | 29 | Cx. apicalis | |
Cx. lactator | 22 September 2021 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°4′11.1″ | 1010 | Human biting/landing at day | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Sa. chloropterus, Sh. huasteca, Wy. aporonoma, Wy. mitchellii |
22 September 2021 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°4′11.1″ | 1010 | Tree hole with colored water, leaves at bottom with total shade | 7.50 | 20 | 1095 | Cx. thriambus | |
Lt. bigoti | 4 April 2012 | 21°09′32.4″ | 99°34′37.9″ | 1785 | Spring with clear water and total shade | 8.3 | 13 | 225 | Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. arizonensis, Cs. particeps |
28 September 2017 | 21°16′46.9″ | 99°8′29.2″ | 1828 | Artificial container with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 6 | 24.6 | 23 | Ae. albopictus | |
Cs. inornata | 15 November 2012 | 20°2′31.7″ | 100°4′27.4″ | 2393 | Irrigation gutter with clear water, aquatic vegetation and partial shade | 7.02 | 15.9 | 170 | Cx. erythrothorax, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. tarsalis |
Cs. particeps | 4 April 2012 | 21°09′32.4″ | 99°34′37.9″ | 1785 | Spring with clear water and total shade | 8.3 | 13 | 225 | Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. arizonensis, Lt. bigoti |
4 April 2012 | 21°09′32.4″ | 99°34′37.9″ | 1811 | Resting in vegetation at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- | |
7 July 2012 | 20°11′15.5″ | 100°8′57″ | 2639 | Flower vase with clear water, leaves at bottom and partial shade | 9.9 | 21.9 | 197 | Cx. stigmatosoma | |
29 September 2012 | 21°8′6.1″ | 99°37′27.6″ | 1790 | Flower vase with clear water, leaves at bottom, green algae and total shade | 9.76 | 19.6 | 277 | Ae. albopictus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. arizonensis | |
14 November 2012 | 20°8′1.1″ | 99°56′52.6″ | 2369 | Resting on caves at day, total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. arizonensis | |
14 November 2012 | 20°8′53.3″ | 99°58′38.5″ | 2329 | Stream margin with clear water and total shade | 6.39 | 17.4 | 223 | Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. restuans, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. arizonensis | |
16 November 2012 | 20°56′4.4″ | 99°33′35.3″ | 2416 | Cattle drinker with clear water, leaves at bottom and partial shade | 7.24 | 13.4 | 158 | Ae. trivittatus, Cx. thriambus | |
17 November 2012 | 20°59′45.9″ | 99°34′40.3″ | 1684 | Artificial container with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.10 | 16 | 328 | Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. thriambus | |
Cs. n. sp. | 24 September 2018 | 21°8′38″ | 99°37′15.1″ | 2292 | Discarded tire with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.15 | 20 | 190 | Cx. thriambus, Tx. moctezuma |
Li. durhamii | 28 September 2017 | 21°16′46.9″ | 99°8′29.2″ | 1824 | Artificial container with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 6.2 | 25 | 53 | ----- |
Sa. chloropterus | 27 September 2012 | 21°16′14.4″ | 99°3′20.1″ | 897 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. quadrivittatus, Ae. podographicus, Sh. huasteca, Wy. mitchellii |
20 November 2012 | 21°34′53.6″ | 99°14′6.8″ | 686 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. quadrivittatus, Ae. trivittatus, Ae. amabilis, Ae. brelandi, Wy. mitchellii | |
28 September 2017 | 21°16′46.9″ | 99°8′29.2″ | 1828 | Human biting landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. podographicus, Sh. huasteca, Wy. adelpha/guatemala | |
Sh. huasteca | 27 September 2012 | 21°16′14.4″ | 99°3′20.1″ | 897 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. quadrivittatus, Ae. podographicus, Sa. chloropterus, Wy. mitchellii |
28 September 2017 | 21°16′46.9″ | 99°8′29.2″ | 1828 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. podographicus, Sa. chloropterus, Wy. adelpha/guatemala | |
24 September 2018 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°411.1″ | 1010 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. quadrivittatus, Wy. mitchellii | |
22 September 2021 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°4′11.1″ | 1010 | Human biting/landing at day | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Cx. lactator, Sa. chloropterus, Wy. aporonoma, Wy. mitchellii | |
Wy. aporonoma | 22 September 2021 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°4′11.1″ | 1010 | Human biting/landing at day | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Cx. lactator, Sa. chloropterus, Sh. huasteca, Wy. mitchellii |
Wy. adelpha/guatemala | 28 September 2017 | 21°16′46.9″ | 99°8′29.2″ | 1828 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. podographicus, Sa. chloropterus, Sh. huasteca, |
Wy. mitchellii | 27 September 2012 | 21°13′7″ | 99°5′42″ | 368 | Bromeliad axil with colored water and abundant leaf at bottom, total shade | 6.60 | 26.4 | 22 | Ae. quadrivittatus, Ae. aegypti |
27 September 2012 | 21°13′7″ | 99°5′42″ | 368 | Bromeliad axil with colored water and abundant leaf at bottom | 6.99 | 24.7 | 12 | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. quadrivittatus | |
27 September 2012 | 21°16′14.4″ | 99°3′20.1″ | 897 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. quadrivittatus, Ae. podographicus, Sa. chloropterus, Sh. huasteca | |
18 November 2012 | 21°33′27.4″ | 99°9′20.4″ | 1024 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon | |
19 November 2012 | 21°34′39″ | 99°13′41.9″ | 806 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. trivittatus, Ae. podographicus | |
20 November 2012 | 21°35′7.1″ | 99°14′15.7″ | 739 | Human biting/landing at day with partial shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. triseriatus | |
20 November 2012 | 21°34′53.6″ | 99°14′6.8″ | 686 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. quadrivittatus, Ae. trivittatus, Ae. amabilis, Ae. brelandi, Sa. chloropterus | |
20 November 2012 | 21°35′7.1″ | 99°14′15.7″ | 739 | Bromeliad axil with clear water, leaves at bottom and partial shade | 7.61 | 20 | 44 | ----- | |
20 November 2012 | 21°34′27.7″ | 99°12′39.8″ | 715 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- | |
24 September 2018 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°411.1″ | 1010 | Human biting/landing at day with total shade | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Ae. quadrivittatus, Sh. huasteca | |
22 September 2021 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°4′11.1″ | 1010 | Human biting/landing at day | ---- | ---- | ---- | Ae. allotecnon, Cx. lactator, Sa. chloropterus, Sh. huasteca, Wy. aporonoma | |
Tx. moctezuma | 27 September 2012 | 21°13′11.2″ | 99°5′56.9″ | 140 | Discarded tire with clear water, total shade | 7.55 | 22.7 | 42 | Cx. restrictor, Cx. thriambus |
27 September 2012 | 21°13′11.2″ | 99°5′56.9″ | 140 | Discarded tire with clear water, total shade | 7.48 | 22.3 | 77 | ----- | |
24 September 2018 | 21°8′38″ | 99°37′15.1″ | 2292 | Discarded tire with clear water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.15 | 20 | 190 | Cx. thriambus, Cs. n. sp. | |
24 September 2018 | 21°15′29.3″ | 99°4′11.1″ | 1010 | Tree hole with colored water, leaves at bottom and total shade | 7.39 | 23.3 | 270 | Ae. (Protomacleaya) sp. |
Sh. fluviatilis | Sh. shcedocyclia | Sh. moralesi | Tr. digitatum | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sh. fluviatilis | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Sh. schedocyclia | 7.43% | --- | --- | --- |
Sh. moralesi | 13.13% | 12.78% | --- | --- |
Tr. digitatum | 11.34% | 9.93% | 12.67% | --- |
Sh. huasteca n. sp. | 12.29% | 12.60% | 4.70% | 12.72% |
Taxa | Mal | DI | DENV | ZIKV | CHKV | YF | SLE | WNV | VEEV | EEEV | WEEV | LCV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis | √ | |||||||||||
An. punctipennis | √ | |||||||||||
An. albimanus | √ | |||||||||||
Aedes vexans | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||
Ae. angustivittatus | √ | |||||||||||
Ae. scapularis | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||
Ae. trivittatus | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||
Ae. triseriatus | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||
Ae. aegypti | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
Ae. albopictus | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
Haemagogus equinus | √ | |||||||||||
Culex quinquefasciatus | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||
Cx. restuans | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||
Cx. salinarius | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||
Cx. tarsalis | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||
Cx. erraticus | √ | |||||||||||
Culiseta inornata | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Sabethes chloropterus | √ | √ |
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Ortega-Morales, A.I.; Hernández-Triana, L.M.; Siller-Rodríguez, Q.K. The Mosquitoes of Querétaro, Mexico: Distribution, Ecology, and Discovery of Shannoniana huasteca n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae). Diversity 2023, 15, 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060697
Ortega-Morales AI, Hernández-Triana LM, Siller-Rodríguez QK. The Mosquitoes of Querétaro, Mexico: Distribution, Ecology, and Discovery of Shannoniana huasteca n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae). Diversity. 2023; 15(6):697. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060697
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrtega-Morales, Aldo I., Luis M. Hernández-Triana, and Quetzaly K. Siller-Rodríguez. 2023. "The Mosquitoes of Querétaro, Mexico: Distribution, Ecology, and Discovery of Shannoniana huasteca n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae)" Diversity 15, no. 6: 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060697
APA StyleOrtega-Morales, A. I., Hernández-Triana, L. M., & Siller-Rodríguez, Q. K. (2023). The Mosquitoes of Querétaro, Mexico: Distribution, Ecology, and Discovery of Shannoniana huasteca n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae). Diversity, 15(6), 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060697