The Greater Midlands—A Mid-Elevation Centre of Floristic Endemism in Summer-Rainfall Eastern South Africa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Delineating and Defining the Greater Midlands Centre of Floristic Endemism
3.2. Profile of Spermatophyte Endemism
3.3. Extra-Limital Species: What Taxa Were Excluded?
4. Discussion
4.1. General Comments
4.2. Phytogeographical Context and Affiliations
4.3. Role of Geological and Lithological Drivers
4.4. Conservation Imperatives
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Provinces by Contribution (%) | Area (km2) | Elevation Range (m a.s.l.) | Highest Point (m a.s.l.) | Dominant Eco-Thermal Belts | Geomorphic Province | Terrain Units |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KZN (60) EC (23) Mp (17) | 77,000 | ca. 700–2200 (1000–1600) Mid-elevation Sub-escarpment Foothills | Swartberg Mtn (2322) | Sub-montane Lower-montane | South-eastern Coastal Hinterland | Moderately undulating plains and hills–low mountains |
Rainfall Regime | Rise to Dominance | Dominant Biome | Dominant Bioregion | Dominant Habitat | Dominant Broad Vegetation Types | Dominant Spermatophytes |
Mesic Summer (October–April) | Late Oligocene–Early Miocene (34–20 Ma) | Grassland | Sub-escarpment Grassland Bioregion | Moist C4 grassland | North-eastern Mountain Grassland; Short Mistbelt Grassland; Moist Upland Grassland; Natal Central Bushveld | Angiosperms |
No. of Spermatophyte Taxa | Larger Families | Larger Genera | Floristic Affiliations | Dominant Growth Form | Geodiversity | Geology and Lithology |
220 endemics ~3000–4000 flora | Apocynaceae Asteraceae Asphodelaceae Fabaceae Iridaceae | Ceropegia Aloe Dierama Kniphofia Helichrysum Streptocarpus | DMC Afromontane LMEE Greater CFR Sub-tropical/coastal | Forb | High | Complex; variable; heterogenous |
Dominant Lithological Affinity | Threatened or Rare Taxa | Threat Status | Biodiversity Value | Conservation Value | Formal Protection | Connectivity and Ecological Resilience |
Dolerite | 60% | Highly imperilled (“nature imperilled”) | Globally and regionally outstanding (global centre of plant diversity) | High priority (global biodiversity hotspot) | Extremely low < 1% | Poor; highly transformed or overgrazed |
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Carbutt, C. The Greater Midlands—A Mid-Elevation Centre of Floristic Endemism in Summer-Rainfall Eastern South Africa. Diversity 2023, 15, 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111137
Carbutt C. The Greater Midlands—A Mid-Elevation Centre of Floristic Endemism in Summer-Rainfall Eastern South Africa. Diversity. 2023; 15(11):1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111137
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarbutt, Clinton. 2023. "The Greater Midlands—A Mid-Elevation Centre of Floristic Endemism in Summer-Rainfall Eastern South Africa" Diversity 15, no. 11: 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111137
APA StyleCarbutt, C. (2023). The Greater Midlands—A Mid-Elevation Centre of Floristic Endemism in Summer-Rainfall Eastern South Africa. Diversity, 15(11), 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111137