Diet of Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821), in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code | Date of Collection | TL (cm) | N | Fish Taxa | Cephalopods Taxa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Males | |||||
RT46Tt | 5 June 2012 | 315 | 32 | 8 | 5 |
RT49Tt | 17 September 2012 | 300 | 14 | 2 | 2 |
RT73Tt | 10 September 2013 | 258 | 246 | 15 | 2 |
RT83Tt | 21 June 2014 | 294 | 27 | 3 | 1 |
RT84Tt | 13 August 2014 | 203 | 84 | 12 | 4 |
RT98Tt | 3 March 2015 | 260 | 76 | 14 | 2 |
RT99Tt | 3 November 2015 | 250 | 9 | 5 | - |
RT111Tt | 27 April 2017 | 265 | 57 | 8 | 1 |
RT112Tt | 28 April 2017 | 230 | 147 | 15 | 2 |
RT119Tt | 7 March 2018 | 296 | 155 | 17 | 4 |
RT134Tt | 22 July 2019 | 189 | 11 | 2 | - |
RT180Tt | 2 May 2021 | 235 | 32 | 6 | 1 |
RT184Tt | 17 August 2021 | 255 | 135 | 13 | - |
Females | |||||
RT5T | 13 March 2008 | 199 | 89 | 13 | 2 |
RT6T | 14 March 2008 | 175 | 70 | 10 | 1 |
RT20T | 10 April 2010 | 279 | 222 | 18 | 4 |
AM9T | 21 May 2010 | 300 | 68 | 12 | 4 |
AM10T | 7 September 2011 | 280 | 196 | 11 | 4 |
RT41Tt | 14 March 2012 | 196 | 23 | 9 | 1 |
RT96Tt | 23 April 2015 | 207 | 102 | 5 | 1 |
RT100Tt | 18 December 2015 | 250 | 140 | 12 | 6 |
RT110Tt | 22 April 2017 | 300 | 36 | 6 | 6 |
RT127Tt | 24 March 2019 | 255 | 299 | 11 | 7 |
RT135Tt | 23 July 2019 | 250 | 9 | 3 | - |
RT136Tt | 23 July 2019 | 310 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
RT138Tt | 26 July 2019 | 270 | 45 | 8 | 1 |
RT147Tt | 5 June 2020 | 170 | 29 | 2 | 6 |
RT148Tt | 15 June 2020 | 242 | 64 | 13 | - |
H | %N | %F | %W | %IRI | TL/DML Range | TW Range | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OSTEICHTHYES | |||||||
Bothidae | 0.19 | 10.71 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |||
Arnoglossus sp. | B | 0.15 | 7.14 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 7.4–16.1 | 2.98–31.89 |
Bothus podas (Delaroche, 1809) | B | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.01 | * | 10.2 | 10.39 |
Callionymidae | 0.15 | 7.14 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||
Callionymus risso Lesueur, 1814 | B | 0.04 | 3.57 | * | * | 5.7 | 1.01 |
Callionymus sp. Linneaus, 1758 | B | 0.12 | 3.57 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 9.7 | 4.43 |
Carangidae | 3.76 | 35.71 | 2.65 | 2.22 | |||
Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) | D | 2.45 | 28.57 | 2.37 | 1.64 | 8.0–26.2 | 4.04–149.29 |
Trachurus sp. | D | 1.30 | 10.71 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 7.1–15.7 | 2.84–31.52 |
Centracanthidae | 1.38 | 32.14 | 0.89 | 0.71 | |||
Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810 | D | 0.77 | 25.00 | 0.50 | 0.38 | 12.9–18.1 | 20.99–66.12 |
Spicara smaris (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 0.61 | 14.29 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 11.3–18.8 | 13.44–57.58 |
Cepolidae | 0.04 | 3.57 | * | * | |||
Cepola macrophthalma (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 0.04 | 3.57 | * | * | 15.5 | 2.97 |
Citharidae | 0.23 | 10.71 | 0.10 | 0.03 | |||
Citharus linguatula (Linneaus, 1758) | B | 0.23 | 10.71 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 11.4–17.3 | 10.07–36.63 |
Clupeidae | 3.84 | 35.71 | 0.56 | 0.70 | |||
Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) | P | 3.30 | 10.71 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 10.8 | 9.76 |
Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847 | P | 0.12 | 7.14 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 10.1–16.4 | 8.27–35.26 |
Unidentified Clupeidae | P | 0.42 | 17.86 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Congridae | 13.89 | 96.43 | 9.53 | 20.68 | |||
Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809) | B | 0.42 | 21.43 | n.a. | n.a | n.a. | n.a. |
Conger conger (Linneaus, 1758) | B | 13.08 | 92.86 | 9.48 | 25.09 | 11.3–66.4 | 1.23–399.40 |
Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809) | B | 0.38 | 10.71 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 11.8–23.4 | 1.67–14.42 |
Engraulidae | 1.65 | 28.57 | 0.23 | 0.53 | |||
Engraulis encrasicolus (Linneaus, 1758) | P | 1.65 | 28.57 | 0.23 | 0.66 | 8.7–12.8 | 3.86–13.48 |
Gadidae | 2.19 | 28.57 | 0.80 | 0.84 | |||
Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) | D | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.02 | * | 18.4 | 36.34 |
Trisopterus capelanus (Lacepède, 1800) | D | 2.15 | 28.57 | 0.78 | 1.01 | 6.3–20.6 | 2.24–95.03 |
Gobiidae | 6.02 | 64.29 | 0.50 | 3.19 | |||
Lesueurigobius sp. | B | 0.96 | 32.14 | 0.01 | 0.38 | 2.3–6.9 | 0.08–2.30 |
Gobius niger Linneaus, 1758 | B | 3.53 | 39.29 | 0.46 | 1.92 | 4.7–13.6 | 1.08–27.29 |
Gobius spp. | B | 0.31 | 10.71 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 4.3–12.7 | 0.78–22.30 |
Unidentified Gobiidae | B | 1.23 | 3.57 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Haemulidae | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.04 | * | |||
Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich, 1825) | D | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.04 | * | ||
Merlucciidae | 21.06 | 53.57 | 21.15 | 21.76 | |||
Merluccius merluccius (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 21.06 | 53.57 | 21.15 | 26.92 | 5.7–59.0 | 1.32–1535.40 |
Moronidae | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.15 | 0.01 | |||
Dicentrarchus labrax (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 28.9 | 240.02 |
Mugilidae | 1.8 | 39.29 | 11.89 | 4.87 | |||
Chelon ramada (Risso, 1827) | P | 0.58 | 14.29 | 5.28 | 0.97 | 23.1–46.2 | 109.07–860.90 |
Unidentified Mugilidae | P | 0.81 | 25.00 | 6.61 | 2.14 | 25.4–52.1 | 144.85–1223.92 |
Mullidae | 2.53 | 28.57 | 1.47 | 1.11 | |||
Mullus barbatus Linneaus, 1758 | D | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.07 | * | 21.4 | 112.74 |
Mullus sp. | D | 2.49 | 25.00 | 1.40 | 1.17 | 5.5–24.6 | 1.97–170.97 |
Ophidiidae | 7.33 | 46.43 | 2.31 | 4.39 | |||
Ophidion barbatum Linneaus, 1758 | B | 7.33 | 46.43 | 2.31 | 5.43 | 5.6–26.0 | 0.65–83.75 |
Phycidae | 0.46 | 3.57 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |||
Phycis sp. | D | 0.46 | 3.57 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 3.9–10.8 | 0.19–6.61 |
Sciaenidae | 0.46 | 7.14 | 0.98 | 0.10 | |||
Umbrina cirrosa (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 0.46 | 7.14 | 0.98 | 0.12 | 18.5–26.0 | 67.21–190.41 |
Serranidae | 0.50 | 17.86 | 0.19 | 0.12 | |||
Serranus cabrilla (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.05 | * | 20.6 | 77.16 |
Serranus sp. | D | 0.46 | 14.29 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 6.7–17.3 | 2.68–45.59 |
Soleidae | 0.12 | 10.71 | 0.19 | 0.02 | |||
Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758) | B | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 26.4 | 154.61 |
Solea sp. | B | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 26.0 | 147.15 |
Unidentified Soleidae | B | 0.04 | 3.57 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Sparidae | 11.74 | 75.00 | 13.63 | 18.26 | |||
Boops boops (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 0.84 | 17.86 | 1.42 | 0.48 | 15.1–27.0 | 32.42–185.60 |
Dentex dentex (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.04 | * | 17.8 | 68.71 |
Diplodus annularis (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 5.45 | 53.57 | 3.76 | 5.91 | 8.1–20.3 | 7.47–124.43 |
Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) | D | 0.19 | 7.14 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 14.6–20.7 | 43.86–127.15 |
Lithognathus mormyrus (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 0.61 | 3.57 | 3.69 | 0.18 | 24.3–35.3 | 188.79–579.67 |
Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1827) | D | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 23.1 | 161.17 |
Pagellus erythrinus (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 4.22 | 57.14 | 3.23 | 5.09 | 6.1–22.7 | 3.30–148.70 |
Sparus aurata Linneaus, 1758 | D | 0.31 | 7.14 | 1.14 | 0.12 | 22.3–32.7 | 149.29–473.20 |
Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linneaus, 1758) | D | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.03 | * | 14.6 | 42.21 |
Sphyraenidae | 0.35 | 10.71 | 1.25 | 0.16 | |||
Sphyraena sphyraena (Linneaus, 1758) | P | 0.35 | 10.71 | 1.25 | 0.20 | 26.7–37.4 | 113.97–304.49 |
Synodontidae | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.04 | * | |||
Synodus saurus (Linneaus, 1758) | B | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.04 | * | 20.0 | 62.04 |
Triglidae | 1.19 | 42.86 | 0.38 | 0.13 | |||
Chelidonichthys cuculus (Linneaus, 1758) | B | 0.31 | 10.71 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 8.7–23.2 | 5.64–112.43 |
Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linneaus, 1758) | B | 0.08 | 7.14 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 22.5–28.2 | 102.84–203.54 |
Unidentified Triglidae | B | 0.81 | 28.57 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Unidentified Osteichthyes | 3.87 | 60.71 | n.a | n.a | n.a. | n.a. | |
Total Osteichthyes | 84.43 | 100.00 | 69.00 | 80.40 | |||
CEPHALOPODA | |||||||
Argonautidae | 0.04 | 3.57 | * | * | |||
Argonauta argo Linneaus, 1758 | P | 0.04 | 3.57 | * | * | 5.55 | |
Enoploteuthidae | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.01 | * | |||
Abralia veranyi (Rüppell, 1844) | P | 0.04 | 3.57 | 0.01 | * | 10.32 | |
Histioteuthidae | 0.27 | 3.57 | 0.07 | 0.01 | |||
Histioteuthis reversa (Verrill, 1880) | P | 0.27 | 3.57 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 6.29–26.12 | |
Loliginidae | 2.38 | 39.29 | 5.17 | 2.82 | |||
Alloteuthis spp. | D | 0.46 | 17.86 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 6.29–17.49 | |
Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1798 | D | 1.84 | 28.57 | 5.08 | 2.31 | 1.8–27.1 | 4.35–402.29 |
Loligo sp. | D | 0.08 | 3.57 | 0.01 | * | 4.35–14.16 | |
Octopodidae | 7.02 | 50.00 | 18.95 | 11.41 | |||
Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798) | B | 3.03 | 28.57 | 6.83 | 3.31 | 2.2–14.5 | 11.33–622.02 |
Eledone moschata (Lamarck, 1798) | B | 1.53 | 25.00 | 1.49 | 0.90 | 5.8–10.9 | 17.04–132.43 |
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 | B | 2.45 | 32.14 | 10.63 | 4.89 | 5.6–15.6 | 59.32–1052.32 |
Unidentified Octopodidae | B | 0.04 | 3.57 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Ommastephidae | 4.95 | 53.57 | 6.37 | 5.81 | |||
Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) | D | 4.95 | 53.57 | 6.37 | 7.19 | 6.4–22.1 | 8.95–273.49 |
Onychoteuthidae | 0.42 | 7.14 | 0.42 | 0.06 | |||
Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii (Férussac [in Férussac & d’Orbigny], 1835) | P | 0.27 | 7.14 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 30.44–96.33 | |
Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach, 1817) | P | 0.15 | 3.57 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 12.73–104.09 | |
Sepiolidae | 0.35 | 21.43 | * | 0.01 | |||
Heteroteuthis dispar (Rüppell, 1844) | P | 0.08 | 7.14 | * | 0.01 | 2.81 | |
Unidentified Sepiolidae | D | 0.27 | 14.29 | n.a. | n.a. | ||
Unidentified Cephalopoda | 0.08 | 7.14 | n.a. | n.a. | |||
Total Cephalopoda | 15.57 | 82.14 | 31.00 | 19.60 |
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Neri, A.; Sartor, P.; Voliani, A.; Mancusi, C.; Marsili, L. Diet of Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821), in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Diversity 2023, 15, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010021
Neri A, Sartor P, Voliani A, Mancusi C, Marsili L. Diet of Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821), in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Diversity. 2023; 15(1):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010021
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeri, Alessandra, Paolo Sartor, Alessandro Voliani, Cecilia Mancusi, and Letizia Marsili. 2023. "Diet of Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821), in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea" Diversity 15, no. 1: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010021
APA StyleNeri, A., Sartor, P., Voliani, A., Mancusi, C., & Marsili, L. (2023). Diet of Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821), in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Diversity, 15(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010021