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Volume 14
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Opinion

Addressing the Biodiversity Paradox: Mismatch between the Co-Occurrence of Biological Diversity and the Human, Financial and Institutional Resources to Address Its Decline

by
Jon Paul Rodríguez
1,2,3,*,
Bibiana Sucre
1,3,
Kira Mileham
3,
Ada Sánchez-Mercado
1,4,5,
Nahomy De Andrade
3,
Simeon Bezeng Bezeng
3,6,7,
Carmel Croukamp
8,
João Falcato
9,
Pablo García-Borboroglu
10,11,12,13,
Susana González
14,15,
Paula González-Ciccia
16,
José F. González-Maya
17,18,19,
Lucy Kemp
20,21,22,
Mirza D. Kusrini
3,23,
Cristina Lopez-Gallego
19,24,25,
Sonja Luz
26,
Vivek Menon
3,27,
Patricia D. Moehlman
28,
Domitilla C. Raimondo
29,30,
Claudio Sillero-Zubiri
31,32,
William Street
33,
Amanda Vincent
34,35 and
Yan Xie
36,37add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Provita, Calle La Joya, Edificio Unidad Técnica del Este, piso 10, oficina 30, Chacao, Caracas 1060, Venezuela
2
Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apdo 20632, Caracas 1020, Venezuela
3
IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
4
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
5
Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador
6
BirdLife South Africa, Private Bag X16, Pinegowrie, Johannesburg 2123, South Africa
7
Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
8
Center for Species Survival Brazil, Parque das Aves, Av. das Cataratas, KM 17.1, Foz do Iguaçu 85855-750, Paraná, Brazil
9
Center for Species Survival Portugal, Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D. Carlos I, 1990-005 Lisboa, Portugal
10
Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CONICET, Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina
11
Global Penguin Society, Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina and San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
12
Penguin Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
13
Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
14
Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Genética, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay
15
Deer Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
16
Center for Species Survival Argentina, Fundación Temaikèn, Ruta 25 KM 0,700, Belen de Escobar B1625, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
17
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, México & ProCAT Colombia, Bogotá 110851, Colombia
18
Small Carnivore Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
19
Colombia Species Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Bogotá 110851, Colombia
20
Mabula Ground Hornbill Project, P.O. Box 876, Bela Bela 0480, South Africa
21
Hornbill Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
22
Department of Environmental Sciences, Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
23
Department of Forest Resources Conservation & Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus West Java, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
24
Biology Institute, University of Antioquia, AA 1226, Medellin 050010, Colombia
25
Colombia Plant Specialist Group, Cycad Specialist Group, Plant Conservation Committee, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
26
Center for Species Survival Southeast Asia, Mandai Nature, Singapore 110001, Singapore
27
Wildlife Trust of India, B 176 East of Kailash, New Delhi 23101, India
28
Equid Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Arusha 23102, Tanzania
29
Threatened Species Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens, Rhodes Drive, Newlands, Cape Town 7735, South Africa
30
Plant Conservation Committee, Southern African Plant Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
31
Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Tubney OX13 5QL, UK
32
Canid Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Oxford OX1 1AE, UK
33
Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 West Washington Street, Indianapolis, IN 46222-0309, USA
34
Project Seahorse, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
35
Seahorse, Pipefish and Seadragon Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
36
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOZ/CAS), No. 1-5 Beichen Xilu, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing 100101, China
37
China Species Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Beijing 100101, China
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diversity 2022, 14(9), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090708
Submission received: 24 July 2022 / Revised: 8 August 2022 / Accepted: 22 August 2022 / Published: 26 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessments, Planning and Action for Conservation of Species and Ecosystems at Multiple Spatial Scales)
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Abstract

Pressures are mounting for the adoption of a Global Biodiversity Framework that transforms conservation and sustainable use efforts worldwide. Underlying this challenge is the biodiversity paradox: biological diversity predominantly concentrates in the tropics, while human, institutional, and financial resources are primarily located at higher latitudes both north and south. Addressing the biodiversity paradox requires the expansion and mobilization of human, institutional and financial resources around the world. We outline a model championed by the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) that builds on the Species Conservation Cycle (Assess-Plan-Act-Network-Communicate) and recognizes that most conservation action occurs at the national or local level. Various strategies are applied to this end by the partners of Reverse the Red, a global movement that ignites strategic cooperation and science-based action to ensure the survival of wild species and ecosystems. The SSC contributes to Reverse the Red through two primary strategies: National Species Specialist Groups and Centers for Species Survival. By building on existing expert networks and catalyzing efforts with established local institutions, we aim to significantly expand capacity to implement conservation action at the national level and reverse the negative trends indicated by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the Red List of Ecosystems.
Keywords: act; assess; capacity building; extinction risk; geographic distribution; Global Biodiversity Framework; IUCN; plan; Red List; Reverse the Red; risk of collapse; species conservation cycle; Species Survival Commission; threatened species; threatened ecosystems act; assess; capacity building; extinction risk; geographic distribution; Global Biodiversity Framework; IUCN; plan; Red List; Reverse the Red; risk of collapse; species conservation cycle; Species Survival Commission; threatened species; threatened ecosystems
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MDPI and ACS Style

Rodríguez, J.P.; Sucre, B.; Mileham, K.; Sánchez-Mercado, A.; De Andrade, N.; Bezeng, S.B.; Croukamp, C.; Falcato, J.; García-Borboroglu, P.; González, S.; et al. Addressing the Biodiversity Paradox: Mismatch between the Co-Occurrence of Biological Diversity and the Human, Financial and Institutional Resources to Address Its Decline. Diversity 2022, 14, 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090708

AMA Style

Rodríguez JP, Sucre B, Mileham K, Sánchez-Mercado A, De Andrade N, Bezeng SB, Croukamp C, Falcato J, García-Borboroglu P, González S, et al. Addressing the Biodiversity Paradox: Mismatch between the Co-Occurrence of Biological Diversity and the Human, Financial and Institutional Resources to Address Its Decline. Diversity. 2022; 14(9):708. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090708

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodríguez, Jon Paul, Bibiana Sucre, Kira Mileham, Ada Sánchez-Mercado, Nahomy De Andrade, Simeon Bezeng Bezeng, Carmel Croukamp, João Falcato, Pablo García-Borboroglu, Susana González, and et al. 2022. "Addressing the Biodiversity Paradox: Mismatch between the Co-Occurrence of Biological Diversity and the Human, Financial and Institutional Resources to Address Its Decline" Diversity 14, no. 9: 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090708

APA Style

Rodríguez, J. P., Sucre, B., Mileham, K., Sánchez-Mercado, A., De Andrade, N., Bezeng, S. B., Croukamp, C., Falcato, J., García-Borboroglu, P., González, S., González-Ciccia, P., González-Maya, J. F., Kemp, L., Kusrini, M. D., Lopez-Gallego, C., Luz, S., Menon, V., Moehlman, P. D., Raimondo, D. C., ... Xie, Y. (2022). Addressing the Biodiversity Paradox: Mismatch between the Co-Occurrence of Biological Diversity and the Human, Financial and Institutional Resources to Address Its Decline. Diversity, 14(9), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090708

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