Marine Fungi: Biotechnological Perspectives from Deep-Hypersaline Anoxic Basins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fungi in DHABs
3. Biotechnological Potential of Fungi Inhabiting DHABs
3.1. DHABs as Reservoirs of Fungal Amylases, Lipases and Esterases
3.2. Fungi in DHABs as Potential Producers of Biomolecules for Pharmaceutical and Clinical Applications
3.3. Can DHABs Fungi Be Exploited for the Bioremediation of Polluted Environments?
4. Conclusions and Future Directions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fungal Taxon/Closest Relative | DHAB | Site | Depth | Area | Coordinates | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malasseziales (O) | Bannock | Halocline | 3330 | Mediterranean | 34°17.488’ N 20°00.692’ E | [20] |
Malasseziomycetes (C), Microbotryomycetes (C) and Dothideomycetes (C) | Discovery | Upper halocline | 3582 | Mediterranean | 35°17.150’ N 21°42.308’ E | [26] |
Aspergillus and Penicillium | Discovery | Upper halocline | 3583 | Mediterranean | 35°17.150’ N 21°42.308’ E | [35] |
Aspergillus and Penicillium | Discovery | Lower halocline | 3586 | Mediterranean | 35°17.150’ N 21°42.308’ E | [35] |
Aspergillus, Penicillium, Sordaria, Rhodothorula glutinis, R. mucillaginosa Ustilaginomycetes (C) | L’Atalante | Upper halocline | 3499 | Mediterranean | 35°18.865’ N 21°24.338’ E | [12] |
Ustilaginomycetes (C) | L’Atalante | Lower halocline | 3501 | Mediterranean | 35°18.865’ N 21°24.338’ E | [12] |
Malasseziomycetes (C), Microbotryomycetes (C) and Dothideomycetes (C) | L’Atalante | Upper halocline | 3430 | Mediterranean | 35°18.865’ N 21°24.338’ E | [26] |
Malasseziomycetes (C), Microbotryomycetes (C) and Dothideomycetes (C) | L’Atalante | Lower halocline | 3430 | Mediterranean | 35°18.865’ N 21°24.338’ E | [26] |
Aspergillus and several Ascomycota and Basidiomycota strains | L’Atalante | Lower halocline | 3501 | Mediterranean | 35°18.865’ N 21°24.338’ E | [35] |
Fungi | Thetis | Lower halocline | 3258 | Mediterranean | 34°40.158’ N 22°08.703’ E | [31] |
Rhodotorula mucillaginosa, Malasseziales (O) and Atheliaceae (F) | Thetis | Halocline | 3258 | Mediterranean | 34°40.189’ N 22°8.728’ E | [27] |
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodosporidium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Candida, Pucciniomycotina (SD) and Atheliaceae (F) | Thetis | Brine | 3415 | Mediterranean | 34°40.189’ N 22°8.728’ E | [27] |
Acremonium | Thuwal brine pool sediments | Brine sediments | 850 | Red sea | 22°16’ N 38°53’ E | [34] |
Malasseziomycetes (C), Microbotryomycetes (C) and Dothideomycetes (C) | Urania | Halocline | 3468 | Mediterranean | 35°13.784’ N 21°42.308’ E | [26] |
Aspergillus and Penicillium | Urania | Middle halocline | 3470 | Mediterranean | 35°13.784’ N 21°42.308’ E | [35] |
Producing Fungus | Enzyme | Industrial Applications | References |
---|---|---|---|
Aspergillus gracilis, A. penicillioides and A. oryzae | Amylase * | Foods, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and paper and textile | [90,92,93] |
Aspergillus niger, A. sydowii and A. terreus | Cellulase * | Biofuel production, food and feed industry, brewing, pulp and paper, textile, laundry and agriculture | [94,95,96] |
Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp. | Chitinase * | Pharmaceutical and food | [97,98] |
Aspergillus aculeatus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus and Penicillium canescens | β-Glucosidase * | Biofuel production, pharmaceutical and food industry | [99,100,101,102,103] |
Aspergillus sclerotiorum, Cladosporium cladosporioides and several strains | Laccase, Li/Mn-peroxidase | Bioremediation, pulp biobleaching, pollutant degradation, biosensors, textiles, production of bioethanol and animal feed | [104,105] |
Candida intermedia, C. parapsilosis, C. quercitrusa, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Aspergillus pullulans, A. awamori and several strains from Antarctica | Lipase * | Food, beverages, detergents, biofuel productions, animal feed, textiles, leather, paper processing and cosmetics | [106,107,108] |
Aspergillus ustus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and several strains from Antarctica | Protease * | Bioremediation, laundry detergents, degumming of silk and leather | [106,109,110,111] |
Aspergillus awamori, A. candidus, A. fumigatus and several strains from Posidonia oceanica | Tannase | Food, feed, pharmaceutical, beverage, brewing and chemical | [105,112,113,114,115] |
Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceus, A. niveus and several strains from Antarctica | Xylanase * | Paper and pulp and the feed and food | [106,116,117] |
Penicillium notatum | Tannin acyl hydrolase | Bioremediation, leather, food and beverage | [118] |
Aspergillus aculeatus, A. niger and Penicillium decumbens | α-rhamnosidase | Food and pharmaceutical | [119,120,121] |
Aspergillus fumigatus and A. terreus | β-glucanase | Textile industry, paper recycling, detergents, beverage, animal feed additives and renewable energy | [122,123,124,125] |
Several strains of Aspergillus and Penicillium, Candida membranifaciens and Cladosporium sp. | Inulinase | Food and pharmaceutical | [126,127,128] |
Aspergillus terreus | Feruloyl esterase | Food, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, and biofuel | [112,129] |
Several strains | l-asparaginase | Food and pharmaceutical | [130] |
Several strains of Aspergillus | l-methioninase | Food and pharmaceutical | [131] |
Fungi | Product | Bioactivity | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aspergillus terreus, Penicillum citrinum and P. purpurogenum | Lovastatin | Cholesterol-lowering agent | Marine sediments | [165,166] |
Aspergillus sp. 16-5C | Asperlones A and B | Anti-tuberculosis drugs | Mangrove | [167] |
Aspergillus versicolor, A. ochraceus, A. ostianus, Cladosporium herbarum and Penicillium sp. | Various | Antibacterial | Marine sponges, coastal water | [148] |
Several strains | Various | Antibiotic | Deep subseafloor fungal | [168] |
Penicillium sclerotiorum | Penicilazaphilone C | Antibiotic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant | Rotted leaves in coastal water | [169,170] |
Acremonium sp. LL-Cyan416 and Penicillium sp. LL-WF159 | Anthraquinones and flavomannin | Antibiotic | n.a. | [171] |
Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium species | Taxol (paclitaxel) | Antitumoural | Plants | [162,172] |
Aspergillus fumigatus, A. ustus and Penicillium citrinum | Tryprostatins A and B, phenylahistin | Antitumoural and anti-inflammatory inhibitor | Stichopus japonicus (Sea cucumber) salt water | [173] |
Aspergillus quadricinctus, and Rhodotorula pilimanae | Siderophores | Anticancer and antimicrobial | n.a. | [174] |
Aspergillus ungui NHK-007 | 7-Chlorofolipastatin | Anticholesterolemic | Deep-sea sediments | [175] |
Several strains | n.a. | Antimicrobial and antifungal | Deep-sea sediments | [176] |
Penicillium chrysogenum | PgAFP | Antifungal | Tedania anhelans (marine sponge) | [177,178] |
Aspergillus nidulans | Anidulafungin | Antifungal | n.a. | [179] |
Penicillium sp. | Cycloexpansamines A and B | Anti-inflammatory | Bryozoa | [180] |
Penicillium chrysogenum | Sorbicillactone A | Antileukemic and antiviral | Ircinia fasciculata (marine sponge) | [181,182] |
Penicillium sp. | Penicyrones A and B | Antifungal | Marine | [183] |
Aspergillus versicolor | phenolic compounds | Antioxidant | Marine sediments | [144] |
Aspergillus versicolor | Anthraquinone | Antioxidant | Deep-sea sediments | [184] |
Penicillium citrinum | Sorbicillinoid derivative | Antioxidant | Marine sponge | [185] |
Aspergillus westerdijkiae | Circumdatin G | Antiproliferative | Deep sea | [154] |
Aspergillus sp. | Avrainvillamide | Antitumoural | n. a. | [186] |
Aspergillus ustus | Phenylahistin | Antitumoural | Mangrove | [187] |
Aspergillus wentii | 20-Nor-isopimarane diterpenoids | Antitumoural | Deep-sea sediments | [153] |
Penicillium sp. | Breviones I | Antitumoural | Deep-sea sediments | [188] |
Aspergillus versicolor ZBY-3 | various | Antitumoural | Deep-sea sediments | [189] |
Aspergillus sp. | Dihydroxy-fumitremorgin C | Antitumoural | Coastal sediments | [190] |
Penicillium paneum | Penipacids A and Penipacids E | Antitumoural | Deep-sea sediments | [191] |
Aspergillus sulphureus KMM 4640 | Decumbenone C | Antitumoural | Marine sediments | [192] |
Aspergillus sp. | Furanocoumarin | Antitumoural | Mangrove | [193] |
Penicillium oxalicum | Oxalicumone A | Antitumoural | Marine | [194] |
Aspergillus wentii SD-310 | Asperolides A-E | Antitumoural | Marine derived endophyte | [158] |
Penicillium commune SD-118 | Xanthocillin X, Meleagrin | Antitumoural | Deep-sea sediments | [155] |
Penicillium sp. PR19N-1 | Sesquiterpene, Eremofortine C | Antitumoural | Antarctic deep-sea | [195] |
Aspergillus nidulans | Asperfuranone | Antitumoural | Marine | [196] |
Aspergillus sp. | Terrequinone A | Antitumoural | n.a. | [197] |
Penicillium sp. | Chromanone A | Antitumoural and antioxidant | n.a. | [198,199] |
Penicillium and Aspergillus sp. | Ergot alkaloids | Precursors of drugs | Marine | [200] |
Penicillium chrysogenum | Hexadentate siderophores | Protective agents of LDL oxidation and anti-atherosclerotic metabolites | Tedania anhelans (marine sponge) | [201] |
Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum | Penicillin | Antibiotic | Marine | [202,203] |
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Barone, G.; Varrella, S.; Tangherlini, M.; Rastelli, E.; Dell’Anno, A.; Danovaro, R.; Corinaldesi, C. Marine Fungi: Biotechnological Perspectives from Deep-Hypersaline Anoxic Basins. Diversity 2019, 11, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11070113
Barone G, Varrella S, Tangherlini M, Rastelli E, Dell’Anno A, Danovaro R, Corinaldesi C. Marine Fungi: Biotechnological Perspectives from Deep-Hypersaline Anoxic Basins. Diversity. 2019; 11(7):113. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11070113
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarone, Giulio, Stefano Varrella, Michael Tangherlini, Eugenio Rastelli, Antonio Dell’Anno, Roberto Danovaro, and Cinzia Corinaldesi. 2019. "Marine Fungi: Biotechnological Perspectives from Deep-Hypersaline Anoxic Basins" Diversity 11, no. 7: 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11070113