Aquatic Macrophytes are Seasonally Important Dietary Resources for Moose
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sample Collection
2.2.1. Moose Forage
2.2.2. Moose Hooves and Bone Marrow
2.3. Physical and Chemical Sample Pretreatment and Measurement
2.4. Moose Hooves
2.5. Data Analysis
2.5.1. Moose Forage
2.5.2. Moose Hooves and Bone Marrow
2.6. Diet Estimation
3. Results
3.1. Moose Forage
3.2. Moose Hooves and Bone Marrow
3.2.1. Hairline
3.2.2. Chronology
3.3. Diet Estimation
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Moose ID | n† | ∆δ13C | δ15N |
---|---|---|---|
3618 | 21 | −25.6 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.4 |
3627 | 16 | −25.8 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.3 |
3628 | 21 | −25.5 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 |
3723 | 21 | −26.0 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.3 |
3731 | 21 | −25.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.2 |
3734 | 14 | −24.8 ± 0.7 | −0.3 ± 0.3 |
3766 | 19 | −24.4 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.5 |
3767 | 21 | −25.1 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.2 |
3774 | 19 | −25.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
3784 | 19 | −25.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.2 |
3788 | 16 | −25.1 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.4 |
3808 | 19 | −25.1 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.3 |
3828 | 25 | −25.2 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.6 |
Trophic Discrimination | ∆13C1 (3.0‰) | ∆13C2 (1.8‰) | - |
---|---|---|---|
Sources | Percent of Diet | |∆−∆| | |
Summer diet (2-source model) | |||
Terrestrial leaves | 86.8 ± 3.3 | 72.8 ± 3.6 | 14.0 |
Aquatic macrophytes | 13.2 ± 3.3 | 27.2 ± 3.6 | |
Winter diet (2-source model) | |||
East | |||
Terrestrial twigs | 99.9 ± 0.01 | 89.2 ± 9.4 | 10.7 |
Lichens | 0.01 ± 0.5 | 10.8 ± 9.4 | |
West | |||
Terrestrial twigs | 96.3 ± 4.9 | 71.8 ± 11.3 | 24.5 |
Lichens | 3.7 ± 4.9 | 28.2 ± 11.3 |
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Tischler, K.B.; Severud, W.J.; Peterson, R.O.; Bump, J.K. Aquatic Macrophytes are Seasonally Important Dietary Resources for Moose. Diversity 2019, 11, 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11110209
Tischler KB, Severud WJ, Peterson RO, Bump JK. Aquatic Macrophytes are Seasonally Important Dietary Resources for Moose. Diversity. 2019; 11(11):209. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11110209
Chicago/Turabian StyleTischler, Keren B., William J. Severud, Rolf O. Peterson, and Joseph K. Bump. 2019. "Aquatic Macrophytes are Seasonally Important Dietary Resources for Moose" Diversity 11, no. 11: 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11110209