Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the DOG1-like Genes in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Mai, Minyan; Wang, Jinglei; Liu, Zhijie; Wang, Wuhong; Hu, Haijiao; Wei, Qingzhen; Yan, Yaqin; Bao, Chonglai; Hu, Tianhua

doi:10.3390/ijms27156761

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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the DOG1-like Genes in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

by

Minyan Mai

^1,2,

Jinglei Wang

¹,

Zhijie Liu

¹,

Wuhong Wang

¹,

Haijiao Hu

¹,

Qingzhen Wei

¹

,

Yaqin Yan

¹,

Chonglai Bao

^1,* and

Tianhua Hu

^1,*

¹

Institute of Vegetable Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

²

College of Horticulture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(15), 6761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27156761

Submission received: 22 June 2026 / Revised: 24 July 2026 / Accepted: 27 July 2026 / Published: 28 July 2026

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Seed Development and Germination)

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Abstract

Seed dormancy is a vital adaptive mechanism regulated by the DELAY OF GERMINATION (DOG) gene family. Here, we present the first systematic genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the DOG gene family (RsDOGs) in radish (Raphanus sativus). Comprehensive analysis of physicochemical properties, chromosomal distribution, and phylogeny revealed strong evolutionary conservation alongside functional divergence. Notably, several RsDOG proteins harbor natural fusions of the DOG1 domain with a bZIP domain, suggesting potential transcription factor activity and novel regulatory functions. Promoter analysis identified abundant ABA-responsive and abiotic stress-responsive cis-acting elements. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) profiling across contrasting cultivars—dormant variety Rs275 and non-dormant variety Rs100—at 4 h and 28 h post-imbibition revealed distinct differential expression patterns. In particular, TRs0x5c022182.1 exhibited high expression levels in dormant seeds, suggesting its potential involvement in seed dormancy regulation in radish. This study provides key insights into the structural evolution and expression dynamics of RsDOG genes, laying a solid foundation for molecular breeding aimed at optimizing seed germination traits.

Keywords: DOG1; radish; seed dormancy; gene family; expression profiling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mai, M.; Wang, J.; Liu, Z.; Wang, W.; Hu, H.; Wei, Q.; Yan, Y.; Bao, C.; Hu, T. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the DOG1-like Genes in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 6761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27156761

AMA Style

Mai M, Wang J, Liu Z, Wang W, Hu H, Wei Q, Yan Y, Bao C, Hu T. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the DOG1-like Genes in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(15):6761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27156761

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mai, Minyan, Jinglei Wang, Zhijie Liu, Wuhong Wang, Haijiao Hu, Qingzhen Wei, Yaqin Yan, Chonglai Bao, and Tianhua Hu. 2026. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the DOG1-like Genes in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 15: 6761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27156761

APA Style

Mai, M., Wang, J., Liu, Z., Wang, W., Hu, H., Wei, Q., Yan, Y., Bao, C., & Hu, T. (2026). Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the DOG1-like Genes in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(15), 6761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27156761

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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the DOG1-like Genes in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

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