Next Article in Journal
Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Emerging Roles in Pathogenesis, Immunity, Biomarkers and Therapeutics
Previous Article in Journal
Therapeutic Innovations for Monkeypox Inhibition
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJMS
Volume 27
Issue 10
10.3390/ijms27104308
ijms-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Exosomal lncRNAs HOTAIR, HULC, and ANRIL: Decoding the Biomarker Landscape of Sporadic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

by
Hazal Sezginer Guler
1,*,
Hakan Gurkan
1,
Sinem Yalcintepe
1,
Yavuz Atakan Sezer
2,
Sernaz Topaloglu
3,
Ebru Tastekin
4,
Selcuk Korkmaz
5,
Daghan Dagdelen
6,
Engin Atli
1,
Selma Demir
1 and
Nermin Tuncbilek
7
1
Departmant of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
2
Departmant of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
3
Departmant of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
4
Departmant of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
5
Departmant of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
6
Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
7
Departmant of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(10), 4308; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104308
Submission received: 23 March 2026 / Revised: 2 May 2026 / Accepted: 5 May 2026 / Published: 12 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Non-Coding RNAs in Human Research)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC/18–21%) lacks targeted treatment options due to the lack of ER/PR and HER2 expression. The transport of lncRNAs via exosomes plays a role in tumor progression and metastasis and reshapes tumor-associated signaling pathways. This study aimed to compare the expression of exosomal HOTAIR, NEAT1, MALAT1, AFAP1-AS1, ANRIL, and HULC lncRNAs in primary tumor tissue and blood of patients with sporadic TNBC to evaluate their potential as biomarkers. The patients diagnosed with TNBC between the years 2021 and 2025, 21 of 62 (33.87%) with sporadic breast cancer and thirty healthy controls were included in the study. Primary tumor tissue and peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 21 patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Expression levels of exosomal lncRNAs (HOTAIR, NEAT1, MALAT1, AFAP1-AS1, ANRIL, and HULC) were determined in both tissues and blood samples from the patient and control groups using Real-Time PCR method. In the patient group, HOTAIR, HULC, ANRIL, and AFAP1_AS1 gene expression was lower (downregulated) in tissue and serum compared to the control group, whereas NEAT1 and MALAT1 were higher (upregulated). Tissue and serum samples taken from the patient group were found to have statistically consistent expression levels of HOTAIR, HULC, and ANRIL genes. Furthermore, HOTAIR, HULC, and ANRIL serve as biomarkers and can be studied using exosomal RNA samples obtained from patient serum without invasive procedures. Our current study, which has different lncRNA expression profiles, reflects the biological heterogeneity of TNBC and contributes to a better understanding of its subtypes at the molecular level.
Keywords: triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); sporadic breast cancer; long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); exosomal RNA; biomarker; prognostic marker triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); sporadic breast cancer; long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); exosomal RNA; biomarker; prognostic marker

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sezginer Guler, H.; Gurkan, H.; Yalcintepe, S.; Sezer, Y.A.; Topaloglu, S.; Tastekin, E.; Korkmaz, S.; Dagdelen, D.; Atli, E.; Demir, S.; et al. Exosomal lncRNAs HOTAIR, HULC, and ANRIL: Decoding the Biomarker Landscape of Sporadic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 4308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104308

AMA Style

Sezginer Guler H, Gurkan H, Yalcintepe S, Sezer YA, Topaloglu S, Tastekin E, Korkmaz S, Dagdelen D, Atli E, Demir S, et al. Exosomal lncRNAs HOTAIR, HULC, and ANRIL: Decoding the Biomarker Landscape of Sporadic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(10):4308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104308

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sezginer Guler, Hazal, Hakan Gurkan, Sinem Yalcintepe, Yavuz Atakan Sezer, Sernaz Topaloglu, Ebru Tastekin, Selcuk Korkmaz, Daghan Dagdelen, Engin Atli, Selma Demir, and et al. 2026. "Exosomal lncRNAs HOTAIR, HULC, and ANRIL: Decoding the Biomarker Landscape of Sporadic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 10: 4308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104308

APA Style

Sezginer Guler, H., Gurkan, H., Yalcintepe, S., Sezer, Y. A., Topaloglu, S., Tastekin, E., Korkmaz, S., Dagdelen, D., Atli, E., Demir, S., & Tuncbilek, N. (2026). Exosomal lncRNAs HOTAIR, HULC, and ANRIL: Decoding the Biomarker Landscape of Sporadic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(10), 4308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104308

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop