An Assessment of the Currently Available Molecular Assay for the Diagnosis of Anisakis Sensitization
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
3.1. Statistical Evaluation
3.2. Diagnostic Performance of ALEX-2
3.3. Limits and Perspectives
4. Materials and Method
4.1. Study Design and Population
4.2. Laboratory Analyses
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specific IgE kIU/L | ALEX 2 kIU/L | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | SPT | Anisakis | Ascaris | Dermat. P | Dermat. F | Tropom.Mites | Shrimp | Tropom.Shrimp | BAT Anisakis | Diagnosis | Grade | Ani s 1 | Ani s 3 | Der p 20 |
1 | + | 1.91 | 0.15 | 3.56 | 3.73 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.83 | 24.44 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
2 | − | 0.42 | 0.84 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 3.15 | CU | 0 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
3 | + | 2.29 | 0.18 | 1.05 | 1.39 | 0.03 | 0.84 | 0 | 2.36 | CU | 0 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
4 | − | 0.19 | 0.04 | 97.8 | 100 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 1.46 | FA not An | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
5 | + | 100 | 7.27 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 93.72 | FA | 1 | 5.35 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
6 | + | 2.31 | 3.01 | 6.21 | 5.47 | 9.87 | 12.5 | 10.3 | 36.58 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | 9.76 | 3.26 |
7 | + | 5.4 | 0.47 | 0.86 | 0.47 | 0.1 | 0.26 | 0.1 | 0.69 | CU | 0 | 1.19 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
8 | + | 98.3 | 6 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.1 | 84.43 | FA | 2 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
9 | − | 1.04 | 1.8 | 1.66 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 7.52 | 0.1 | 0.21 | FA not An | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
10 | + | 3.99 | 6.16 | 41.5 | 43.4 | 31.4 | 27.9 | 30.27 | 74.07 | FA | 2 | <0.10 | 21.07 | <0.10 |
11 | + | 1.92 | 0.15 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.01 | 0.79 | 0.01 | 21.57 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | 2.63 |
12 | − | 0.21 | 0.55 | 6.78 | 6.69 | 0.11 | 2.53 | 0.14 | 0.2 | CU | 0 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
13 | − | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.36 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 39.52 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
14 | − | 0.67 | 3.44 | 12.4 | 10.25 | 0.03 | 0.83 | 0.05 | 30.63 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
15 | − | 0.53 | 0.16 | 37.3 | 27.5 | 0.75 | 0.32 | 0.69 | 0.97 | FA not An | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
16 | + | 7.3 | 0.58 | 16.9 | 21 | 39.2 | 29.2 | 51 | 41.24 | FA | 1 | 0.26 | 27.92 | <0.10 |
17 | − | 0.43 | 2.24 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 48 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
18 | − | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.9 | 0.77 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.03 | 13.4 | FA not An | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | 1.3 |
19 | − | 0.49 | 0.37 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 1.89 | 12.3 | 2.09 | 5.19 | FA not An | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
20 | + | 3.2 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 3.15 | CU | 0 | 4.09 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
21 | − | 0.24 | 0.09 | 3.11 | 4.71 | 3.42 | 1.81 | <0.10 | 1.01 | FA not An | 1 | <0.10 | 2.34 | <0.10 |
22 | − | 0.36 | 0.02 | 5.53 | 4.02 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 4.18 | 42.4 | FA | 1 | 4.09 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
23 | + | 19.1 | 0.72 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 74.8 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
24 | − | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.35 | CU | 0 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
25 | + | 4.09 | 10.5 | 100 | 100 | 76.6 | 100 | 78.3 | 81.3 | FA | 2 | 4.56 | 31.14 | <0.10 |
26 | − | 0.35 | 0 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 1.12 | CU | 0 | <0.10 | <0.10 | 1.15 |
27 | + | 15 | 1.89 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 74.6 | FA | 2 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
28 | + | 74.2 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 58.9 | FA | 2 | 29.67 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
29 | + | 2.35 | 0.08 | 35.58 | 32.14 | 0.01 | 2.58 | 0.01 | 61.27 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
30 | + | 12.4 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 58 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
31 | − | 0.36 | 1.01 | 3.24 | 2.97 | 6.25 | 1.92 | 3.17 | 79.67 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | 2.93 | <0.10 |
32 | + | 14 | 0.2 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 85.3 | FA | 1 | 7.19 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
33 | + | 7.35 | 0.19 | 35.9 | 62.2 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 37.67 | FA | 1 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
Spearman’s ρ (p-Value) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | P1 | P4 | Ani S3 | D1 | D2 | D205 | F24 | F351 |
P1 | – | +49.7% (0.003) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
BAT | +45.0% (0.009) | +60.7% (<0.001) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Ani S1 | – | +44.3% (0.010) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Ani S3 | +38.9% (0.025) | – | – | +44.3% (0.010) | +44.3% (0.010) | +68.0% (<0.001) | +61.6% (<0.001) | +59.5% (<0.001) |
D1 | – | −36.1% (0.038) | +44.3% (0.010) | – | +98.6% (<0.001) | +56.8% (<0.001) | 54.8% (<0.001) | +56.1% (<0.001) |
D2 | – | – | +44.3% (0.010) | +98.6% (<0.001) | – | +53.8% (0.001) | +53.6% (0.001) | +55.7% (<0.001) |
D205 | – | – | +68.0% (<0.001) | +56.8% (<0.001) | +53.8% (0.001) | – | +67.7% (<0.001) | +80.5% (<0.001) |
F24 | – | – | +61.6% (<0.001) | 54.8% (<0.001) | +53.6% (0.001) | +67.7% (<0.001) | – | +50.6% (0.003) |
F351 | – | – | +59.5% (<0.001) | +56.1% (<0.001) | +55.7% (<0.001) | +80.5% (<0.001) | +50.6% (0.003) | – |
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Barrale, M.; Mazzucco, W.; Fruscione, S.; Zarcone, M.; Cantisano, V.; Cammilleri, G.; Costa, A.; Ferrantelli, V.; Onida, R.; Scala, E.; et al. An Assessment of the Currently Available Molecular Assay for the Diagnosis of Anisakis Sensitization. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 3033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073033
Barrale M, Mazzucco W, Fruscione S, Zarcone M, Cantisano V, Cammilleri G, Costa A, Ferrantelli V, Onida R, Scala E, et al. An Assessment of the Currently Available Molecular Assay for the Diagnosis of Anisakis Sensitization. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(7):3033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073033
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarrale, Maria, Walter Mazzucco, Santo Fruscione, Maurizio Zarcone, Vincenzo Cantisano, Gaetano Cammilleri, Antonella Costa, Vincenzo Ferrantelli, Rosa Onida, Enrico Scala, and et al. 2025. "An Assessment of the Currently Available Molecular Assay for the Diagnosis of Anisakis Sensitization" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 7: 3033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073033
APA StyleBarrale, M., Mazzucco, W., Fruscione, S., Zarcone, M., Cantisano, V., Cammilleri, G., Costa, A., Ferrantelli, V., Onida, R., Scala, E., Villalta, D., Uasuf, C. G., & Brusca, I. (2025). An Assessment of the Currently Available Molecular Assay for the Diagnosis of Anisakis Sensitization. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(7), 3033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073033