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Article

Role of Lipoprotein(a) and Blood Cells Ratios in Peripheral Artery Disease

by
Alexandra V. Tyurina
1,*,
Olga I. Afanasieva
2,
Marat V. Ezhov
1,*,
Narek A. Tmoyan
1,
Tatiana V. Balakhonova
1 and
Sergei N. Pokrovsky
2
1
A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology n.a. acad. E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121552, Russia
2
Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology n.a. acad. E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121552, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(20), 9918; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26209918
Submission received: 8 September 2025 / Revised: 5 October 2025 / Accepted: 10 October 2025 / Published: 12 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Identification of Novel Biomarkers Towards Improved Diagnosis and Management of Peripheral Vascular Diseases)
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Abstract

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major global health issue. This study investigated the relationship between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to blood cells ratios, and PAD development. The study included 361 patients categorized into groups based on the presence of stenotic atherosclerosis in lower limb arteries (LLAs) diagnosed via duplex ultrasound. Group 1 (n = 238) had atherosclerosis at the first visit. A second visit involved 281 patients: 158 from Group 1, 32 new diagnoses (Group 2), and 91 with no atherosclerosis at either visit (Group 3). Laboratory analysis included lipid profiles, Lp(a), and complete blood counts, calculating ratios like Lp(a)/HDL-C and monocyte-to-HDL-C ratio (MHR). Showed patients with stenotic atherosclerosis had significantly higher Lp(a) (20.2 vs. 12.1 mg/dL, p < 0.01), MHR (0.54 vs. 0.39, p = 0.002), and Lp(a)/HDL-C ratios (20.9 vs. 8.8, p = 0.003). The combination of monocytes ≥ 0.55 × 109/L and Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL was present in 27% of PAD patients vs. 10% without (p < 0.01). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that high Lp(a) levels led to chronic limb ischemia 9.5 years earlier. Combined assessment of Lp(a) and monocyte-related ratios provides superior predictive value for PAD, suggesting clinical utility for risk stratification and early intervention.
Keywords: lipoprotein(a); peripheral arterial disease; monocytes; blood counts; chronic ischemia of the lower limb lipoprotein(a); peripheral arterial disease; monocytes; blood counts; chronic ischemia of the lower limb

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tyurina, A.V.; Afanasieva, O.I.; Ezhov, M.V.; Tmoyan, N.A.; Balakhonova, T.V.; Pokrovsky, S.N. Role of Lipoprotein(a) and Blood Cells Ratios in Peripheral Artery Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 9918. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26209918

AMA Style

Tyurina AV, Afanasieva OI, Ezhov MV, Tmoyan NA, Balakhonova TV, Pokrovsky SN. Role of Lipoprotein(a) and Blood Cells Ratios in Peripheral Artery Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(20):9918. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26209918

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tyurina, Alexandra V., Olga I. Afanasieva, Marat V. Ezhov, Narek A. Tmoyan, Tatiana V. Balakhonova, and Sergei N. Pokrovsky. 2025. "Role of Lipoprotein(a) and Blood Cells Ratios in Peripheral Artery Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 20: 9918. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26209918

APA Style

Tyurina, A. V., Afanasieva, O. I., Ezhov, M. V., Tmoyan, N. A., Balakhonova, T. V., & Pokrovsky, S. N. (2025). Role of Lipoprotein(a) and Blood Cells Ratios in Peripheral Artery Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(20), 9918. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26209918

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