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Volume 26
Issue 19
10.3390/ijms26199691
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Edible Herb Aster glehni Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chondrocytes by Regulating p38 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways with Partial Involvement of Its Major Component, 3,5-Dicaffeoylqunic Acid

by
Jihyeon Baek
1,†,
Hanhee Choi
1,†,
Sung Ran Yoon
2,
Yong Jin Jeong
3,4,
Shin Young Oh
3,
Min-sook Kang
5,
Haeng-ran Kim
5,
Han-Seung Shin
1 and
Seok-Seong Kang
1,*
1
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
2
Division of Agriculture Environment Research, Gyongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
3
KMF Co., Ltd., Daegu 41605, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
5
Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9691; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199691 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 12 August 2025 / Revised: 26 September 2025 / Accepted: 3 October 2025 / Published: 4 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection 30th Anniversary of IJMS: Updates and Advances in Biochemistry)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is primarily a degenerative disease triggered by joint inflammation and oxidative stress. While Aster glehni is an edible and traditionally medicinal herb, the beneficial effect of A. glehni on OA progression remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of A. glehni extract (AGE) and its primary biological compound—3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA)—on inflammation and oxidative stress in chondrocytes. AGE effectively inhibited the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-13 in chondrocytes stimulated by IL-1β for 24 h. In contrast, 3,5-DCQA did not inhibit IL-6, COX-2, and MMP expressions under the same conditions. However, when chondrocytes were stimulated by IL-1β for a short duration (6 h), 3,5-DCQA suppressed IL-6, COX-2, and MMP expressions. The inhibition of IL-6, COX-2, and MMP expressions by AGE was associated with the p38 kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways, but not ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Furthermore, AGE prevented cell apoptosis and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in chondrocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2). AGE restored the decreased superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase mRNA expressions caused by H2 O2. Collectively, AGE may protect against cartilage deterioration by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a promising therapeutic agent for alleviating OA.
Keywords: Aster glehni; 3,5-dicaffeolyquinic acid; osteoarthritis; inflammation; oxidative stress Aster glehni; 3,5-dicaffeolyquinic acid; osteoarthritis; inflammation; oxidative stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Baek, J.; Choi, H.; Yoon, S.R.; Jeong, Y.J.; Oh, S.Y.; Kang, M.-s.; Kim, H.-r.; Shin, H.-S.; Kang, S.-S. Edible Herb Aster glehni Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chondrocytes by Regulating p38 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways with Partial Involvement of Its Major Component, 3,5-Dicaffeoylqunic Acid. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 9691. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199691

AMA Style

Baek J, Choi H, Yoon SR, Jeong YJ, Oh SY, Kang M-s, Kim H-r, Shin H-S, Kang S-S. Edible Herb Aster glehni Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chondrocytes by Regulating p38 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways with Partial Involvement of Its Major Component, 3,5-Dicaffeoylqunic Acid. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(19):9691. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199691

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baek, Jihyeon, Hanhee Choi, Sung Ran Yoon, Yong Jin Jeong, Shin Young Oh, Min-sook Kang, Haeng-ran Kim, Han-Seung Shin, and Seok-Seong Kang. 2025. "Edible Herb Aster glehni Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chondrocytes by Regulating p38 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways with Partial Involvement of Its Major Component, 3,5-Dicaffeoylqunic Acid" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 19: 9691. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199691

APA Style

Baek, J., Choi, H., Yoon, S. R., Jeong, Y. J., Oh, S. Y., Kang, M.-s., Kim, H.-r., Shin, H.-S., & Kang, S.-S. (2025). Edible Herb Aster glehni Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chondrocytes by Regulating p38 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways with Partial Involvement of Its Major Component, 3,5-Dicaffeoylqunic Acid. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(19), 9691. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199691

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