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Volume 26
Issue 17
10.3390/ijms26178186
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Review

High-Sensitivity Troponins and Homocysteine: Combined Biomarkers for Better Prediction of Cardiovascular Events

by
Dragan Djuric
1,2,*,
Zorislava Bajic
2,3,
Nina Radisavljevic
1,
Tanja Sobot
2,3,
Slavica Mutavdzin Krneta
1,
Sanja Stankovic
4,5 and
Ranko Skrbic
2,6,7
1
Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
4
Centre of Medical Biochemistry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
5
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
6
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
7
Department of Pathologic Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8186; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178186 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 19 July 2025 / Revised: 19 August 2025 / Accepted: 21 August 2025 / Published: 23 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction)
Versions Notes

Abstract

As the leading cause of global mortality, cardiovascular diseases demand improved and innovative strategies for early detection and risk assessment to enhance prevention and timely treatment. This comprehensive review examines the potential of combining high-sensitivity cardiac troponins (hs-cTns) and homocysteine (Hcy) as complementary biomarkers for enhanced cardiovascular risk prediction. hs-cTn assays have revolutionized cardiovascular diagnostics by enabling the detection of minimal myocardial injury, improving early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, and providing robust prognostic information in both symptomatic and asymptomatic populations. Hcy, while established as a marker of vascular dysfunction, presents an interpretative challenge due to multiple confounding factors and inconsistent therapeutic responses. Emerging evidence demonstrates significant correlations between elevated Hcy and troponins across various clinical conditions, suggesting that their combined assessment—reflecting both myocardial injury and vascular dysfunction—may improve cardiovascular risk stratification. While initial findings are promising, additional studies are required to validate the clinical value of the combined marker approach. Future development of personalized interpretation algorithms, and multi-marker panels incorporating these biomarkers, may significantly advance cardiovascular medicine and enable more effective population-specific risk management strategies.
Keywords: cardiovascular disease; high-sensitivity cardiac troponins; homocysteine; cardiovascular risk stratification cardiovascular disease; high-sensitivity cardiac troponins; homocysteine; cardiovascular risk stratification

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Djuric, D.; Bajic, Z.; Radisavljevic, N.; Sobot, T.; Mutavdzin Krneta, S.; Stankovic, S.; Skrbic, R. High-Sensitivity Troponins and Homocysteine: Combined Biomarkers for Better Prediction of Cardiovascular Events. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 8186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178186

AMA Style

Djuric D, Bajic Z, Radisavljevic N, Sobot T, Mutavdzin Krneta S, Stankovic S, Skrbic R. High-Sensitivity Troponins and Homocysteine: Combined Biomarkers for Better Prediction of Cardiovascular Events. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(17):8186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178186

Chicago/Turabian Style

Djuric, Dragan, Zorislava Bajic, Nina Radisavljevic, Tanja Sobot, Slavica Mutavdzin Krneta, Sanja Stankovic, and Ranko Skrbic. 2025. "High-Sensitivity Troponins and Homocysteine: Combined Biomarkers for Better Prediction of Cardiovascular Events" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 17: 8186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178186

APA Style

Djuric, D., Bajic, Z., Radisavljevic, N., Sobot, T., Mutavdzin Krneta, S., Stankovic, S., & Skrbic, R. (2025). High-Sensitivity Troponins and Homocysteine: Combined Biomarkers for Better Prediction of Cardiovascular Events. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(17), 8186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178186

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