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Volume 26
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10.3390/ijms26157649
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Evaluation of Ultrasonic Spray Method for Application of Sirolimus-Eluting Coating on Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds

by
Katarzyna Jelonek
1,*,
Joanna Jaworska
1,
Monika Musiał-Kulik
1,
Mateusz Stojko
1,
Jakub Włodarczyk
1,
Michał Sobota
1,
Małgorzata Pastusiak
1,
Anna Smola-Dmochowska
1,
Janusz Szewczenko
2,
Karolina Goldsztajn
2,
Piotr Dobrzyński
1,3 and
Janusz Kasperczyk
1,4,*
1
Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowska 34 St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
2
Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
3
Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
4
Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7649; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157649
Submission received: 7 July 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 5 August 2025 / Published: 7 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanobiomaterials and Beyond: Innovations in Drug Delivery, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Restenosis is the main cause of failure after stent implantation during angioplasty. The localized, sustained delivery of an antirestenotic drug may reduce smooth muscle cell (SMCs) proliferation and thereby limit neointimal hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to develop degradable sirolimus-eluting polymer coatings that can be applied on bioresorbable polymer-based scaffolds via an ultrasonic coating system. This is a novel approach because the detailed analysis of the coating procedure on bioresorbable polymeric scaffolds with the use of an ultrasonic system has not been reported thus far. It has been observed that the ultrasonic technique facilitates formation of a smooth coating, well-integrated with the scaffold. However, the drug dose is affected by the concentration of the coating solution and the number of layers. Therefore, these parameters can be used for tailoring the drug dose and release process. Although all types of the developed coatings provided sirolimus elution for at least 3 months, a more uniform, diffusion-controlled release profile was observed from coatings obtained from the 1.0% polymeric solution. The released drug showed antiproliferative activity against vascular SMCs, without any hemolytic or thrombogenic effects. The results of the study may be advantageous for further progress in the development and medical translation of polymeric vascular scaffolds with antirestenotic activity.
Keywords: biodegradable vascular scaffolds; sirolimus; stent coating; ultrasonic spray coating; restenosis biodegradable vascular scaffolds; sirolimus; stent coating; ultrasonic spray coating; restenosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jelonek, K.; Jaworska, J.; Musiał-Kulik, M.; Stojko, M.; Włodarczyk, J.; Sobota, M.; Pastusiak, M.; Smola-Dmochowska, A.; Szewczenko, J.; Goldsztajn, K.; et al. Evaluation of Ultrasonic Spray Method for Application of Sirolimus-Eluting Coating on Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 7649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157649

AMA Style

Jelonek K, Jaworska J, Musiał-Kulik M, Stojko M, Włodarczyk J, Sobota M, Pastusiak M, Smola-Dmochowska A, Szewczenko J, Goldsztajn K, et al. Evaluation of Ultrasonic Spray Method for Application of Sirolimus-Eluting Coating on Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(15):7649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157649

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jelonek, Katarzyna, Joanna Jaworska, Monika Musiał-Kulik, Mateusz Stojko, Jakub Włodarczyk, Michał Sobota, Małgorzata Pastusiak, Anna Smola-Dmochowska, Janusz Szewczenko, Karolina Goldsztajn, and et al. 2025. "Evaluation of Ultrasonic Spray Method for Application of Sirolimus-Eluting Coating on Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 15: 7649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157649

APA Style

Jelonek, K., Jaworska, J., Musiał-Kulik, M., Stojko, M., Włodarczyk, J., Sobota, M., Pastusiak, M., Smola-Dmochowska, A., Szewczenko, J., Goldsztajn, K., Dobrzyński, P., & Kasperczyk, J. (2025). Evaluation of Ultrasonic Spray Method for Application of Sirolimus-Eluting Coating on Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(15), 7649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157649

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