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Volume 25
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Review

Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

by
Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran
1,*,
Paweł Treichel
2,
Marta Czarnowska
2,
Magdalena Drozd
2,
Kinga Koperska
2,
Agata Węglarz
2,
Oskar Schmidt
2,
Samira Darwish
2,
Bartłomiej Szymczak
2 and
Zbigniew Bartuzi
1
1
Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2
Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3769; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073769
Submission received: 9 February 2024 / Revised: 21 March 2024 / Accepted: 23 March 2024 / Published: 28 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Diabetes, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0)
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Abstract

An organism’s ability to function properly depends not solely on its diet but also on the intake of nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds that exert immunomodulatory effects. This principle applies both to healthy individuals and, in particular, to those with concomitant chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. However, the current food industry and the widespread use of highly processed foods often lead to nutritional deficiencies. Numerous studies have confirmed the occurrence of immune system dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. This article elucidates the impact of specific nutrients on the immune system function, which maintains homeostasis of the organism, with a particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes. The role of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and selected substances, such as omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and alpha-lipoic acid, was taken into consideration, which outlined the minimum range of tests that ought to be performed on patients in order to either directly or indirectly determine the severity of malnutrition in this group of patients.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes; immunomodulation; immune system; nutrients; macroelements; microelements; vitamins; omega-3 acids; coenzyme Q10; alpha-lipoic acid type 2 diabetes; immunomodulation; immune system; nutrients; macroelements; microelements; vitamins; omega-3 acids; coenzyme Q10; alpha-lipoic acid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Napiórkowska-Baran, K.; Treichel, P.; Czarnowska, M.; Drozd, M.; Koperska, K.; Węglarz, A.; Schmidt, O.; Darwish, S.; Szymczak, B.; Bartuzi, Z. Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073769

AMA Style

Napiórkowska-Baran K, Treichel P, Czarnowska M, Drozd M, Koperska K, Węglarz A, Schmidt O, Darwish S, Szymczak B, Bartuzi Z. Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(7):3769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073769

Chicago/Turabian Style

Napiórkowska-Baran, Katarzyna, Paweł Treichel, Marta Czarnowska, Magdalena Drozd, Kinga Koperska, Agata Węglarz, Oskar Schmidt, Samira Darwish, Bartłomiej Szymczak, and Zbigniew Bartuzi. 2024. "Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7: 3769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073769

APA Style

Napiórkowska-Baran, K., Treichel, P., Czarnowska, M., Drozd, M., Koperska, K., Węglarz, A., Schmidt, O., Darwish, S., Szymczak, B., & Bartuzi, Z. (2024). Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(7), 3769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073769

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