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Review

Aging and Adiposity—Focus on Biological Females at Midlife and Beyond

by
Amna Rehman
1,
Sanam Lathief
2,3,
Nipith Charoenngam
3,4,5 and
Lubna Pal
6,*
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA 02101, USA
2
Division of Endocrinology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
3
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
4
Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
5
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
6
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2972; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052972
Submission received: 28 December 2023 / Revised: 10 February 2024 / Accepted: 20 February 2024 / Published: 4 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)

Abstract

Menopause is a physiological phase of life of aging women, and more than 1 billion women worldwide will be in menopause by 2025. The processes of global senescence parallel stages of reproductive aging and occur alongside aging-related changes in the body. Alterations in the endocrine pathways accompany and often predate the physiologic changes of aging, and interactions of these processes are increasingly being recognized as contributory to the progression of senescence. Our goal for this review is to examine, in aging women, the complex interplay between the endocrinology of menopause transition and post-menopause, and the metabolic transition, the hallmark being an increasing tendency towards central adiposity that begins in tandem with reproductive aging and is often exacerbated post menopause. For the purpose of this review, our choice of the terms ‘female’ and ‘woman’ refer to genetic females.
Keywords: menopause; estrogens; adiposity menopause; estrogens; adiposity

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rehman, A.; Lathief, S.; Charoenngam, N.; Pal, L. Aging and Adiposity—Focus on Biological Females at Midlife and Beyond. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052972

AMA Style

Rehman A, Lathief S, Charoenngam N, Pal L. Aging and Adiposity—Focus on Biological Females at Midlife and Beyond. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(5):2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052972

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rehman, Amna, Sanam Lathief, Nipith Charoenngam, and Lubna Pal. 2024. "Aging and Adiposity—Focus on Biological Females at Midlife and Beyond" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5: 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052972

APA Style

Rehman, A., Lathief, S., Charoenngam, N., & Pal, L. (2024). Aging and Adiposity—Focus on Biological Females at Midlife and Beyond. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(5), 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052972

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