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Review

Methodological Approaches to Experimental Evaluation of Neuroprotective Action of Potential Drugs

by
Igor Belenichev
1,*,
Nina Bukhtiyarova
2,
Victor Ryzhenko
3,
Lyudmyla Makyeyeva
4,
Oksana Morozova
1,
Valentyn Oksenych
5,* and
Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
6
1
Department of Pharmacology and Medical Formulation with Course of Normal Physiology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
2
Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
3
Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Informatics and Advanced Technologies, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
4
Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
5
Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
6
Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10475; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910475
Submission received: 5 September 2024 / Revised: 24 September 2024 / Accepted: 27 September 2024 / Published: 28 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Animal Models in Biomedical Research, 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

The authors propose a novel approach to a comprehensive evaluation of neuroprotective effects using both in vitro and in vivo methods. This approach allows for the initial screening of numerous newly synthesized chemical compounds and substances from plant and animal sources while saving animal life by reducing the number of animals used in research. In vitro techniques, including mitochondrial suspensions and neuronal cell cultures, enable the assessment of neuroprotective activity, which can be challenging in intact organisms. The preliminary methods help outline the neuroprotection mechanism depending on the neurodestruction agent. The authors have validated a model of acute cerebrovascular accident, which simulates key cerebrovascular phenomena such as reduced cerebral blood flow, energy deficit, glutamate–calcium excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and early gene expression. A significant advantage of this model is its ability to reproduce the clinical picture of cerebral ischemia: impaired motor activity; signs of neurological deficits (paresis, paralysis, etc.); as well as disturbances in attention, learning, and memory. Crucial to this approach is the selection of biochemical, molecular, and cellular markers to evaluate nerve tissue damage and characterize potential neuroprotective agents. Additionally, a comprehensive set of molecular, biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical methods is proposed for evaluating neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of potential pharmaceutical compounds.
Keywords: ischemic stroke; models of cerebral ischemia; neuroprotection; drug effect ischemic stroke; models of cerebral ischemia; neuroprotection; drug effect

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MDPI and ACS Style

Belenichev, I.; Bukhtiyarova, N.; Ryzhenko, V.; Makyeyeva, L.; Morozova, O.; Oksenych, V.; Kamyshnyi, O. Methodological Approaches to Experimental Evaluation of Neuroprotective Action of Potential Drugs. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910475

AMA Style

Belenichev I, Bukhtiyarova N, Ryzhenko V, Makyeyeva L, Morozova O, Oksenych V, Kamyshnyi O. Methodological Approaches to Experimental Evaluation of Neuroprotective Action of Potential Drugs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(19):10475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910475

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belenichev, Igor, Nina Bukhtiyarova, Victor Ryzhenko, Lyudmyla Makyeyeva, Oksana Morozova, Valentyn Oksenych, and Oleksandr Kamyshnyi. 2024. "Methodological Approaches to Experimental Evaluation of Neuroprotective Action of Potential Drugs" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19: 10475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910475

APA Style

Belenichev, I., Bukhtiyarova, N., Ryzhenko, V., Makyeyeva, L., Morozova, O., Oksenych, V., & Kamyshnyi, O. (2024). Methodological Approaches to Experimental Evaluation of Neuroprotective Action of Potential Drugs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(19), 10475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910475

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