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Review

Zinc and Its Impact on the Function of the Testicle and Epididymis

by
Sergio Marín de Jesús
1,
Rosa María Vigueras-Villaseñor
2,
Edith Cortés-Barberena
3,
Joel Hernández-Rodriguez
4,
Sergio Montes
5,
Isabel Arrieta-Cruz
6,
Sonia Guadalupe Pérez-Aguirre
1,
Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
7,
Ofelia Limón-Morales
7 and
Marcela Arteaga-Silva
7,8,*
1
Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico
3
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
4
Cuerpo Académico de Investigación en Quiropráctica, Universidad Estatal del Valle de Ecatepec, Av. Central s/n Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos 55210, Mexico
5
Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala, Aztlán, Reynosa 88740, Mexico
6
Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 10200, Mexico
7
Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
8
Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Reproductiva, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8991; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168991
Submission received: 8 July 2024 / Revised: 8 August 2024 / Accepted: 16 August 2024 / Published: 19 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zinc in the Health and Disease)
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Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element; it exhibits a plethora of physiological properties and biochemical functions. It plays a pivotal role in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA organization, as well as in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Among other important processes, Zn plays an essential role in reproductive health. The ZIP and ZnT proteins are responsible for the mobilization of Zn within the cell. Zn is an inert antioxidant through its interaction with a variety of proteins and enzymes to regulate the redox system, including metallothioneins (MTs), metalloenzymes, and gene regulatory proteins. The role of Zn in the reproductive system is of great importance; processes, such as spermatogenesis and sperm maturation that occur in the testicle and epididymis, respectively, depend on this element for their development and function. Zn modulates the synthesis of androgens, such as testosterone, for these reproductive processes, so Zn deficiency is related to alterations in sperm parameters that lead to male infertility.
Keywords: Zn; testicle; spermatogenesis; epididymis; sperm maturation; redox system Zn; testicle; spermatogenesis; epididymis; sperm maturation; redox system

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MDPI and ACS Style

Marín de Jesús, S.; Vigueras-Villaseñor, R.M.; Cortés-Barberena, E.; Hernández-Rodriguez, J.; Montes, S.; Arrieta-Cruz, I.; Pérez-Aguirre, S.G.; Bonilla-Jaime, H.; Limón-Morales, O.; Arteaga-Silva, M. Zinc and Its Impact on the Function of the Testicle and Epididymis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168991

AMA Style

Marín de Jesús S, Vigueras-Villaseñor RM, Cortés-Barberena E, Hernández-Rodriguez J, Montes S, Arrieta-Cruz I, Pérez-Aguirre SG, Bonilla-Jaime H, Limón-Morales O, Arteaga-Silva M. Zinc and Its Impact on the Function of the Testicle and Epididymis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168991

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marín de Jesús, Sergio, Rosa María Vigueras-Villaseñor, Edith Cortés-Barberena, Joel Hernández-Rodriguez, Sergio Montes, Isabel Arrieta-Cruz, Sonia Guadalupe Pérez-Aguirre, Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime, Ofelia Limón-Morales, and Marcela Arteaga-Silva. 2024. "Zinc and Its Impact on the Function of the Testicle and Epididymis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168991

APA Style

Marín de Jesús, S., Vigueras-Villaseñor, R. M., Cortés-Barberena, E., Hernández-Rodriguez, J., Montes, S., Arrieta-Cruz, I., Pérez-Aguirre, S. G., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Limón-Morales, O., & Arteaga-Silva, M. (2024). Zinc and Its Impact on the Function of the Testicle and Epididymis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(16), 8991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168991

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