PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Suppresses the TGF-β-Induced Profibrotic Response of Human Bronchial Fibroblasts from Asthmatic Patients
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PPARδ Agonist GW501516 and PPARδ Antagonist GSK0660 Administered Separately or in Combination Inhibit the Proliferation and Viability of HBFs in a Dose-Dependent Manner
2.2. The TGF-β-Induced Myofibroblastic Transitions of HBFs Are Suppressed after PPARδ Agonist Administration
2.3. The TGF-β-Induced Upregulation of Cx43 Is Strongly Suppressed in HBFs Treated with GW501516 and GSK0660 Alone or in Combination via Smad-Dependent Signaling
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Proliferation and Viability Assay
4.3. Immunofluorescence Staining
4.4. Cell-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent (In-Cell ELISA) Assay
4.5. Western Blot Analyses
4.6. Real-Time PCR Analyses
4.7. Statistics
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Sequence F′ | Sequence R′ |
ACTA2 | CTGTTCCAGCCATCCTTCAT | CCGTGATCTCCTTCTGCATT |
COL1A1 | CTTTGCATTCATCTCTCAAACTTAGTTTT | CCCCGCATGGGTCTTCA |
COL1A2 | TGCTGCTGGTCAACCTGGTGC | ACTTCCAGCAGGACCGGGGG |
GAPDH | GAAGGTGAAGGTCGGAGT | GAAGATGGTGATGGGATTTC |
TLN | CCCTGATGTGCGGCTTCG | TGTCCTGTCAACTGCTGCTTC |
TNC | GGTCCACACCTGGGCATTT | TTGCTGAATCAAACAACAAAACAGA |
GJA1 | AGGAGTTCAATCACTTGGCG | GAGTTTGCCTAAGGCGCTC |
PPARD | GGGCATGTCACACAACGCTAT | GCATTGTAGATGTGCTTGGAGAA |
P300 | ACTTCTAATGGCCCTCTACCTGA | GTGCTGAAGAGGAGGGGTTT |
SOX9 | CAAGAAGGACCACCCGGATT | AAGATGGCGTTGGGGGAGAT |
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Paw, M.; Wnuk, D.; Madeja, Z.; Michalik, M. PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Suppresses the TGF-β-Induced Profibrotic Response of Human Bronchial Fibroblasts from Asthmatic Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097721
Paw M, Wnuk D, Madeja Z, Michalik M. PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Suppresses the TGF-β-Induced Profibrotic Response of Human Bronchial Fibroblasts from Asthmatic Patients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(9):7721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097721
Chicago/Turabian StylePaw, Milena, Dawid Wnuk, Zbigniew Madeja, and Marta Michalik. 2023. "PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Suppresses the TGF-β-Induced Profibrotic Response of Human Bronchial Fibroblasts from Asthmatic Patients" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9: 7721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097721
APA StylePaw, M., Wnuk, D., Madeja, Z., & Michalik, M. (2023). PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Suppresses the TGF-β-Induced Profibrotic Response of Human Bronchial Fibroblasts from Asthmatic Patients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(9), 7721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097721