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Article

Syndecan-3 Coregulates Milk Fat Metabolism and Inflammatory Reactions in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway

by
Jing Fan
1,2,†,
Zhihui Zhao
1,2,†,
Haochen Wu
1,2,
Xibi Fang
3,
Fengshuai Miao
1,2,
Xuanxu Chen
1,2,
Xinyi Jiang
1,2,
Jing Li
1,2,
Ping Jiang
1,2,* and
Haibin Yu
1,2,*
1
College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
2
The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
3
College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6657; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076657
Submission received: 25 January 2023 / Revised: 24 March 2023 / Accepted: 27 March 2023 / Published: 3 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
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Abstract

Transcriptome sequencing showed that syndecan-3 (SDC3) was differentially expressed in high-fat and low-fat mammary epithelial cells of Chinese Holstein cows. Previous studies found that SDC3 plays an important role in inflammatory diseases and virus infection. However, those studies did not confirm whether or not the functional gene SDC3, which plays an important role in regulating milk fat metabolism, has an effect on susceptibility to breast tissue diseases. Therefore, we studied the effects of SDC3 on milk lipid metabolism and inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and further explored the common regulatory pathway of SDC3 in both. The overexpression of SDC3 increased the contents of triglycerides and cholesterol, reduced the content of non-esterified fatty acids, inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2), and reduced the production of ROS in BMECs. However, silenced SDC3 had the opposite effect. Further exploring the mechanisms of SDC3, we found that SDC3 upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) through the AMPK/SIRT1 signal pathway to promote milk fat synthesis. It also regulated the activation of the NF-κB pathway through the AMPK/SIRT1 signal pathway, reducing the expression of inflammatory factors and ROS production, thus inhibiting the inflammatory response of BMECs. Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NF-κB p50) was an important target of SDC3 in this process. To sum up, our results showed that SDC3 coregulated milk fat metabolism and inflammation through the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. This study laid a foundation for the comprehensive evaluation of breeding value based on multi-effect functional genes in dairy cow molecular breeding.
Keywords: SDC3; bovine mammary epithelial cells; AMPK/SIRT1; milk fat metabolism; inflammatory reaction SDC3; bovine mammary epithelial cells; AMPK/SIRT1; milk fat metabolism; inflammatory reaction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fan, J.; Zhao, Z.; Wu, H.; Fang, X.; Miao, F.; Chen, X.; Jiang, X.; Li, J.; Jiang, P.; Yu, H. Syndecan-3 Coregulates Milk Fat Metabolism and Inflammatory Reactions in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076657

AMA Style

Fan J, Zhao Z, Wu H, Fang X, Miao F, Chen X, Jiang X, Li J, Jiang P, Yu H. Syndecan-3 Coregulates Milk Fat Metabolism and Inflammatory Reactions in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7):6657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076657

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fan, Jing, Zhihui Zhao, Haochen Wu, Xibi Fang, Fengshuai Miao, Xuanxu Chen, Xinyi Jiang, Jing Li, Ping Jiang, and Haibin Yu. 2023. "Syndecan-3 Coregulates Milk Fat Metabolism and Inflammatory Reactions in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7: 6657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076657

APA Style

Fan, J., Zhao, Z., Wu, H., Fang, X., Miao, F., Chen, X., Jiang, X., Li, J., Jiang, P., & Yu, H. (2023). Syndecan-3 Coregulates Milk Fat Metabolism and Inflammatory Reactions in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(7), 6657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076657

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