Kappa-Carrageenan/Chitosan/Gelatin Scaffolds Provide a Biomimetic Microenvironment for Dentin-Pulp Regeneration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Immunophenotypic Characterization of DPSC Cultures
2.2. DPSCs Contribution to the Mechanical Integrity of the Scaffolds
2.3. SEM Analysis of DPSCs Morphology and Adhesion
2.4. DPSCs’ Growth and Proliferation within the Various Scaffold Types
2.5. Odontogenic Differentiation of DPSCs in the Presence of the Scaffolds
2.5.1. Determination of the ALP Activity of DPSCs
2.5.2. Evaluation of the Secreted Calcium in Supernatants
2.5.3. Real-Time PCR Odontogenic Markers
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Scaffolds Preparation
4.3. Establishment and Culture of DPSCs
4.4. Immunophenotypic Characterization of DPSCs
4.5. Cell Viability Assessment
4.5.1. Cell Viability Assessment with the PrestoBlueTM Metabolic Assay
4.5.2. Cell Viability Assessment by Live/Dead Staining
4.6. Mechanical Properties of the DPSCs Seeded Scaffolds
4.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
4.8. Odontogenic Differentiation
4.8.1. Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
4.8.2. Calcium Secretion Levels Determination
4.8.3. Gene Expression of DPSCs
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Scaffold Acronym | Composition |
---|---|---|
(i) | KCG-KCl | 1% w/v kappa-carrageenan, 1.67% w/v chitosan, 1.67% w/v gelatin, 0.25 M KCl |
(ii) | KCG | 1% w/v kappa-carrageenan, 1.67% w/v chitosan, 1.67% w/v gelatin |
(iii) | CG | 1.67% w/v chitosan, 1.67% w/v gelatin |
Gene Symbol | Forward (5′–3′) | Reverse (5′–3′) | Amplicon Size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|
DSPP | GCTGGCCTGGATAATTCCGA | CTCCTGGCCCTTGCTGTTAT | 135 |
ALP | CCGTGGCAACTCTATCTTTGG | CAGGCCCATTGCCATACAG | 89 |
RUNX2 | CCACCGAGACCAACAGAGTC | TCACTGTGCTGAAGAGGCTG | 118 |
B2M | TGTCTTTCAGCAAGGACTGGT | ACATGTCTCGATCCCACTTAAC | 138 |
SDHA | GCATGCCAGGGAAGACTACA | GCCAACGTCCACATAGGACA | 127 |
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Loukelis, K.; Machla, F.; Bakopoulou, A.; Chatzinikolaidou, M. Kappa-Carrageenan/Chitosan/Gelatin Scaffolds Provide a Biomimetic Microenvironment for Dentin-Pulp Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6465. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076465
Loukelis K, Machla F, Bakopoulou A, Chatzinikolaidou M. Kappa-Carrageenan/Chitosan/Gelatin Scaffolds Provide a Biomimetic Microenvironment for Dentin-Pulp Regeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7):6465. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076465
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoukelis, Konstantinos, Foteini Machla, Athina Bakopoulou, and Maria Chatzinikolaidou. 2023. "Kappa-Carrageenan/Chitosan/Gelatin Scaffolds Provide a Biomimetic Microenvironment for Dentin-Pulp Regeneration" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7: 6465. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076465