HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Barbaro, Greta; Inversetti, Annalisa; Cristodoro, Martina; Ticconi, Carlo; Scambia, Giovanni; Di Simone, Nicoletta

doi:10.3390/ijms24032557

Open AccessReview

HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

by

Greta Barbaro

¹,

Annalisa Inversetti

^2,3,

Martina Cristodoro

²,

Carlo Ticconi

⁴,

Giovanni Scambia

^1,5 and

Nicoletta Di Simone

^2,3,*

¹

Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), L. go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy

²

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milano, Italy

³

IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy

⁴

Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Università di Torvergata, 00168 Roma, Italy

⁵

U.O.C. di Ginecologia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2557; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032557

Submission received: 30 December 2022 / Revised: 16 January 2023 / Accepted: 25 January 2023 / Published: 29 January 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reproductive Immunology and Pregnancy 3.0)

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Abstract

Placentation is an immunological compromise where maternal immune system cells and trophoblastic cells interact to reach an equilibrium condition. Although the cross talk between the two systems is complex and not completely understood, Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G), expressed on trophoblastic cell surfaces, seems to be one of the main molecules involved in the modulation of both local and systemic maternal immune response. The prevalence of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), probably underestimated, is 5% of all women who achieve pregnancy, and about 40–60% percent of RPL cases are unexplained. There is an immunological analogy between allograft rejection and miscarriage, and the purpose of this review is to describe how the HLA-G pathway alterations are involved in disrupting the immunologic balance and in increasing the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Keywords: HLA-G; recurrent pregnancy loss; trophoblast; placentation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Barbaro, G.; Inversetti, A.; Cristodoro, M.; Ticconi, C.; Scambia, G.; Di Simone, N. HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 2557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032557

AMA Style

Barbaro G, Inversetti A, Cristodoro M, Ticconi C, Scambia G, Di Simone N. HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(3):2557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032557

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbaro, Greta, Annalisa Inversetti, Martina Cristodoro, Carlo Ticconi, Giovanni Scambia, and Nicoletta Di Simone. 2023. "HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3: 2557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032557

APA Style

Barbaro, G., Inversetti, A., Cristodoro, M., Ticconi, C., Scambia, G., & Di Simone, N. (2023). HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032557

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

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