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Article

Dental Pulp Inflammation Initiates the Occurrence of Mast Cells Expressing the α1 and β1 Subunits of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase

by
Yüksel Korkmaz
1,*,
Markus Plomann
2,
Behrus Puladi
3,
Aysegül Demirbas
4,5,
Wilhelm Bloch
6 and
James Deschner
1
1
Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
2
Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
3
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
4
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
5
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
6
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020901
Submission received: 7 November 2022 / Revised: 6 December 2022 / Accepted: 27 December 2022 / Published: 4 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Collection Oral Inflammation—Environment, Molecules, and Cells in Oral Physiology and Pathology)
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Abstract

The binding of nitric oxide (NO) to heme in the β1 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activates both the heterodimeric α1β1 and α2β1 isoforms of the enzyme, leading to the increased production of cGMP from GTP. In cultured human mast cells, exogenous NO is able to inhibit mast cell degranulation via NO-cGMP signaling. However, under inflammatory oxidative or nitrosative stress, sGC becomes insensitive to NO. The occurrence of mast cells in healthy and inflamed human tissues and the in vivo expression of the α1 and β1 subunits of sGC in human mast cells during inflammation remain largely unresolved and were investigated here. Using peroxidase and double immunohistochemical incubations, no mast cells were found in healthy dental pulp, whereas the inflammation of dental pulp initiated the occurrence of several mast cells expressing the α1 and β1 subunits of sGC. Since inflammation-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+ in the β1 subunit of sGC, leading to the desensitization of sGC to NO, we hypothesize that the NO- and heme-independent pharmacological activation of sGC in mast cells may be considered as a regulatory strategy for mast cell functions in inflamed human dental pulp.
Keywords: inflammation; dental pulp; pulpitis; mast cells; nitric oxide; soluble guanylyl cyclase; cGMP; ROS; peroxynitrite; RNS inflammation; dental pulp; pulpitis; mast cells; nitric oxide; soluble guanylyl cyclase; cGMP; ROS; peroxynitrite; RNS

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MDPI and ACS Style

Korkmaz, Y.; Plomann, M.; Puladi, B.; Demirbas, A.; Bloch, W.; Deschner, J. Dental Pulp Inflammation Initiates the Occurrence of Mast Cells Expressing the α1 and β1 Subunits of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020901

AMA Style

Korkmaz Y, Plomann M, Puladi B, Demirbas A, Bloch W, Deschner J. Dental Pulp Inflammation Initiates the Occurrence of Mast Cells Expressing the α1 and β1 Subunits of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(2):901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020901

Chicago/Turabian Style

Korkmaz, Yüksel, Markus Plomann, Behrus Puladi, Aysegül Demirbas, Wilhelm Bloch, and James Deschner. 2023. "Dental Pulp Inflammation Initiates the Occurrence of Mast Cells Expressing the α1 and β1 Subunits of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2: 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020901

APA Style

Korkmaz, Y., Plomann, M., Puladi, B., Demirbas, A., Bloch, W., & Deschner, J. (2023). Dental Pulp Inflammation Initiates the Occurrence of Mast Cells Expressing the α1 and β1 Subunits of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(2), 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020901

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