The Cytotoxic Effect of Septic Plasma on Healthy RBCs: Is Eryptosis a New Mechanism for Sepsis?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Subjects Baseline Characteristics
2.2. EAA Evaluation and Outcome
2.3. In Vitro Exposure to Septic Plasma and Induction of Eryptosis
2.4. In Vivo Eryptosis Evaluation
2.5. Relation to Other Biomarkers
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Subjects
4.2. Sample Collection
4.3. Endotoxin Activity Assay (EAA)
4.4. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for IL-6 and MPO
4.5. In Vitro Exposure to Septic Plasma and Induction of Eryptosis
4.6. In Vivo Eryptosis
4.7. Flow Cytometry Evaluation
4.8. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Septic Patients, n = 16 | |
---|---|
Age, years | 58.25 ± 14.4 |
Sex | 11 male |
Diabetes | 7 |
Hypertension | 5 |
CVD | 5 |
CKD | 4 |
EAA level | 0.55, IQR 0.42–0.77 |
In Vitro Induced Eryptosis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Septic Plasma | Healthy Plasma | p-Value | |
15 min | 13.5, IQR 2.9–27.5 | 1.1, IQR 1.0–2.3 | 0.001 |
1 h | 12.9, IQR 2.7–17.6 | 1.6, IQR 1.1–1.9 | ≤0.001 |
2 h | 12.5, IQR 2.3–15.8 | 1.3, IQR 1.2–1.9 | ≤0.001 |
4 h | 8.8, IQR 1.8–16.5 | 1.2, IQR 1.3–2.2 | 0.001 |
24 h | 10.4, IQR 2.9–20 | 0.9, IQR 1.3–2.3 | 0.001 |
Septic Patients | Controls | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
IL-6, pg/mL | 750.8, IQR 98.7–1342.8 | 5.4, IQR 4.4–7.8 | 0.0049 |
MPO, pg/mL | 261.2, IQR 175.2–329.2 | 12, IQR 9.8–16.3 | <0.001 |
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Marcello, M.; Virzì, G.M.; Marturano, D.; de Cal, M.; Marchionna, N.; Sgarabotto, L.; De Rosa, S.; Ronco, C.; Zanella, M. The Cytotoxic Effect of Septic Plasma on Healthy RBCs: Is Eryptosis a New Mechanism for Sepsis? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 14176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814176
Marcello M, Virzì GM, Marturano D, de Cal M, Marchionna N, Sgarabotto L, De Rosa S, Ronco C, Zanella M. The Cytotoxic Effect of Septic Plasma on Healthy RBCs: Is Eryptosis a New Mechanism for Sepsis? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(18):14176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814176
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcello, Matteo, Grazia Maria Virzì, Davide Marturano, Massimo de Cal, Nicola Marchionna, Luca Sgarabotto, Silvia De Rosa, Claudio Ronco, and Monica Zanella. 2023. "The Cytotoxic Effect of Septic Plasma on Healthy RBCs: Is Eryptosis a New Mechanism for Sepsis?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18: 14176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814176