Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol Modify the Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Keratinocyte Membranes Exposed to UVA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culturing and Treatment
4.2. Analysis of Keratinocyte Membrane Component Phospholipids
4.2.1. Lipid Extraction and Quantification of Total Phospholipid Content
4.2.2. Phospholipid Profiling by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry
4.2.3. Ceramide Profiling by Reversed-Phase Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry RPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Ceramides
4.2.4. Determination of Sialic Acid Level
4.3. Evaluation of Lipid Peroxidation
4.4. Determination of Surface Charge Density
4.5. Measurements of Membrane Fluidity
4.6. Analysis of Lipid Raft Formation Using Fluorescence Technique
4.7. Membrane Permeability
4.8. Transmembrane Transporter Activity
4.9. Membrane Receptor Levels
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
2-AG | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol |
AEA | Anandamide |
ANOVA | Analysis of variance |
BCRP | Breast cancer resistance protein |
CBD | Cannabidiol |
CBG | Cannabigerol |
CER[NDS] | Ceramides containing non-hydroxy fatty acids and dihydrosphingosine |
CER[NS] | Ceramides containing non-hydroxy fatty acids and sphingosine |
COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
CRAC | Calcium-release-activated calcium channel |
DPH | 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene |
HDF | Human skin fibroblasts |
IL | Interleukin |
iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
Kv1.3 | Potassium channel |
LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 |
MRP | Multidrug-resistance-associated proteins |
MTT | 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
NHEK | Normal human epidermal keratinocytes |
factors Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
PC | Phosphatidylcholine |
PI | Phosphatidylinositol |
(PI3K)/AKT | Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphatidyl kinase |
PS | Phosphatidylserine |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
SM | Sphingomyelin |
TMA-DPH | N,N,N-Trimethyl-4-(6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrien-1-yl)phenylammonium p-Toluenesulfonate |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
TNFR | Tumor necrosis factor receptor |
UVA | Ultraviolet A |
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Wroński, A.; Dobrzyńska, I.; Sękowski, S.; Łuczaj, W.; Olchowik-Grabarek, E.; Skrzydlewska, E. Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol Modify the Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Keratinocyte Membranes Exposed to UVA. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512424
Wroński A, Dobrzyńska I, Sękowski S, Łuczaj W, Olchowik-Grabarek E, Skrzydlewska E. Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol Modify the Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Keratinocyte Membranes Exposed to UVA. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(15):12424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512424
Chicago/Turabian StyleWroński, Adam, Izabela Dobrzyńska, Szymon Sękowski, Wojciech Łuczaj, Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek, and Elżbieta Skrzydlewska. 2023. "Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol Modify the Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Keratinocyte Membranes Exposed to UVA" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15: 12424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512424