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Review

A State-of-Art Review of the Vicious Circle of Sleep Disorders, Diabetes and Neurodegeneration Involving Metabolism and Microbiota Alterations

by
Salvatore Versace
1,2,*,
Gaia Pellitteri
1,
Roberto Sperotto
1,2,
Sara Tartaglia
1,2,
Andrea Da Porto
2,3,
Cristiana Catena
2,3,
Gian Luigi Gigli
2,
Alessandro Cavarape
2,3,† and
Mariarosaria Valente
1,2,†
1
Clinical Neurology, Udine University Hospital, Piazza Santa Maria della Misericordia, 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
2
Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
3
Internal Medicine, Udine University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10615; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310615
Submission received: 16 April 2023 / Revised: 15 June 2023 / Accepted: 22 June 2023 / Published: 25 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias)
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Abstract

In the context of neurodegenerative disorders, cognitive decline is frequently reported in older population. Recently, numerous metabolic pathways have been implicated in neurodegeneration, including signaling disruption of insulin and other glucose-regulating hormones. In fact, Alzheimer’s disease has now been considered as “type-3 diabetes”. In this review, we tried to clarify the role of sleep impairment as the third major player in the complex relationship between metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Altered sleep may trigger or perpetuate these vicious mechanisms, leading to the development of both dementia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Finally, we analyzed these reciprocal interactions considering the emerging role of the gut microbiota in modulating the same processes. Conditions of dysbiosis have been linked to circadian rhythm disruption, metabolic alterations, and release of neurotoxic products, all contributing to neurodegeneration. In a future prospective, gut microbiota could provide a major contribution in explaining the tangled relationship between sleep disorders, dementia and diabetes.
Keywords: sleep disorders; inflammation; insulin resistance; diabetes; neurodegeneration; cognition; Alzheimer’s disease; gut microbiota; brain–gut axis sleep disorders; inflammation; insulin resistance; diabetes; neurodegeneration; cognition; Alzheimer’s disease; gut microbiota; brain–gut axis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Versace, S.; Pellitteri, G.; Sperotto, R.; Tartaglia, S.; Da Porto, A.; Catena, C.; Gigli, G.L.; Cavarape, A.; Valente, M. A State-of-Art Review of the Vicious Circle of Sleep Disorders, Diabetes and Neurodegeneration Involving Metabolism and Microbiota Alterations. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 10615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310615

AMA Style

Versace S, Pellitteri G, Sperotto R, Tartaglia S, Da Porto A, Catena C, Gigli GL, Cavarape A, Valente M. A State-of-Art Review of the Vicious Circle of Sleep Disorders, Diabetes and Neurodegeneration Involving Metabolism and Microbiota Alterations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(13):10615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310615

Chicago/Turabian Style

Versace, Salvatore, Gaia Pellitteri, Roberto Sperotto, Sara Tartaglia, Andrea Da Porto, Cristiana Catena, Gian Luigi Gigli, Alessandro Cavarape, and Mariarosaria Valente. 2023. "A State-of-Art Review of the Vicious Circle of Sleep Disorders, Diabetes and Neurodegeneration Involving Metabolism and Microbiota Alterations" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13: 10615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310615

APA Style

Versace, S., Pellitteri, G., Sperotto, R., Tartaglia, S., Da Porto, A., Catena, C., Gigli, G. L., Cavarape, A., & Valente, M. (2023). A State-of-Art Review of the Vicious Circle of Sleep Disorders, Diabetes and Neurodegeneration Involving Metabolism and Microbiota Alterations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(13), 10615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310615

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