Metal Oxide Nanostructures (MONs) as Photocatalysts for Ciprofloxacin Degradation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods of Obtaining Oxide Semiconductor Nanostructures Used as Photocatalysts
3. General Considerations on the Most Important Metal Oxide Semiconductors (ZnO, TiO2, CuO, etc.)
4. Alternatives for Improving the Photocatalytic Performance of Metal Oxide Semiconductor
5. Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin Pollutant from Water
6. Factors Affecting the Photocatalytic Degradation of Oxide Semiconductor Materials
7. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst | Synthesis Method | Pollutant, C0 | Catalyst Amount, pH | Time, Light Source | η (%), k (min−1) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZnO/FeTiO3 | Sol–gel | CIP, 10 mg/L | 1 g/L, 7 | 180 min, UV–Vis | - 0.0390 | [118] |
ZnO/Co3O4 | Sol–gel | CIP, 10 mg/L | 2.4 g/L | 30 min, Visible (300 W Xe lamp) | 100, 0.2 | [95] |
TiO2/Ce | Sol–gel | CIP, 40 mg/L | 0.5 g/L, 5.5–6 | 180 min, UV (257 nm) | 90–93, - | [90] |
TiO2/WO3 | Sonochemical–microwave | CIP, 20 mg/L | 0.5 g/L | 120 min, UV 120 min, sunlight | 100, 0.133 | [119] |
96, 0.034 | ||||||
TiO2 | Solvothermal | CIP, 10 mg/L | 0.1g/L | 120 min, UV (16 W) | 57 | [120] |
CuO | Precipitation method | CIP, 10 mg/L | 5 g/L | 300 min, visible (400 W) | 60 | [121] |
ZnO/CeO2 | Precipitation method | CIP, 15 mg/L | 0.25 g/L, 3.2 | 60 min, UV | 0.0130 | [97] |
ZnO/Fe | Precipitation method | CIP, 10 mg/L | 0.15 g/L, 9 | 210 min, visible | 65, - | [122] |
CeO2/Co3O4 | Precipitation method | CIP, 5 mg/L | 0.5 g/L | 50 min, Visible (300 W Xe lamp) | 87.8 | [96] |
TiO2/N | Precipitation method | CIP, 30 mg/L | 1 g/L, 5 | 120 min, UV (257 nm) | 94.5 | [21] |
TiO2/La (0.1%) | Electrospinning | CIP, 10 mg/L | 0.6 g/L | 300 min, visible (400 W) | 99.5 | [63] |
TiO2/Sm (0.1%) | Electrospinning | CIP, 10 mg/L | 0.9 g/L | 300 min, visible (400 W) | ~99 | [64] |
TiO2/Er (0.1%) | Electrospinning | CIP, 10 mg/L | 0.9 g/L | 300 min, visible (400 W) | ~99 | |
ZnO/Nd (0.1%) | Electrospinning | CIP, 6 mg/L | 0.9 g/L, 6 | 120 min, visible (400 W) | ~99, 0.053 | [123] |
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Pascariu, P.; Gherasim, C.; Airinei, A. Metal Oxide Nanostructures (MONs) as Photocatalysts for Ciprofloxacin Degradation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 9564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119564
Pascariu P, Gherasim C, Airinei A. Metal Oxide Nanostructures (MONs) as Photocatalysts for Ciprofloxacin Degradation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(11):9564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119564
Chicago/Turabian StylePascariu, Petronela, Carmen Gherasim, and Anton Airinei. 2023. "Metal Oxide Nanostructures (MONs) as Photocatalysts for Ciprofloxacin Degradation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11: 9564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119564