Cross-Dressing of Multiple Myeloma Cells Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles Conveying MIC and ULBP Ligands Promotes NK Cell Killing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Surface Expression of MICA on mEVs Derived from Both MICA*008 and MICA*019 Expressing Cells
2.2. Both MICA*008 and MICA*019 Allelic Variants Can Be Transferred from mEV to MM Cells
2.3. MICA Transferred on MM Cells Increases Their Susceptibility to NK Cell Lysis
2.4. MM Cells Acquire ULBP Molecules from mEVs and Become Sensitive to NK Cell Attack
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Antibodies and Reagents
4.2. Cell Lines and Human Polyclonal NK Cell Preparations
4.3. Virus Production and In Vitro Transduction
4.4. Extracellular Vesicle Purification
4.5. Ultrastructural Analysis
4.6. Size Experiments
4.7. RNA Isolation, RT-PCR, and Real-Time PCR
4.8. ELISA
4.9. Flow Cytometry of Cells and EVs
4.10. Extracellular Vesicles Uptake
4.11. NK Cell Stimulation and Degranulation
4.12. FACS Analysis
4.13. Statistics
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vulpis, E.; Loconte, L.; Cassone, C.; Antonangeli, F.; Caracciolo, G.; Masuelli, L.; Fazio, F.; Petrucci, M.T.; Fionda, C.; Soriani, A.; et al. Cross-Dressing of Multiple Myeloma Cells Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles Conveying MIC and ULBP Ligands Promotes NK Cell Killing. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 9467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119467
Vulpis E, Loconte L, Cassone C, Antonangeli F, Caracciolo G, Masuelli L, Fazio F, Petrucci MT, Fionda C, Soriani A, et al. Cross-Dressing of Multiple Myeloma Cells Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles Conveying MIC and ULBP Ligands Promotes NK Cell Killing. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(11):9467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119467
Chicago/Turabian StyleVulpis, Elisabetta, Luisa Loconte, Chiara Cassone, Fabrizio Antonangeli, Giulio Caracciolo, Laura Masuelli, Francesca Fazio, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Cinzia Fionda, Alessandra Soriani, and et al. 2023. "Cross-Dressing of Multiple Myeloma Cells Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles Conveying MIC and ULBP Ligands Promotes NK Cell Killing" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11: 9467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119467